Method and machine for treating textile materials by ammonia or other liquids

Abstract

The machine comprises: a path for the textile article (T); along the path impregnation means ( 11, 13 ) to impregnate the textile article with said product; means ( 23, 25 ) to remove the product from said textile article. The impregnation means may comprise one or more cooled rollers ( 11, 13 ) on which the product condenses and around which the textile article to be treated is driven.

1 . A method for treating a textile article by a product at low condensation temperature, comprising the phases of wetting the textile article with said product in liquid state and making the liquid product act on the fibers of the textile article; characterized in that the textile article is impregnated by condensation of said product from the gaseous state to the liquid state.  
     
     
         2 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that said product is ammonia.  
     
     
         3 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the textile article is brought into contact with at least one cooled surface in an environment saturated with said product in gaseous state, the product condensing on said cooled surface and being absorbed by the textile article in contact with it.  
     
     
         4 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that said textile article is a continuous article.  
     
     
         5 . Method as claimed in  claim 4 , characterized in that said textile article is a bolt of fabric treated in width.  
     
     
         6 . Method as claimed  claim 1 , characterized in that said textile article is a yarn.  
     
     
         7 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the textile article is impregnated with a useful quantity of said condensed product no greater than 50% and preferably no greater than 25% and even more preferably ranging from 1% to 20% in weight of the dry textile article.  
     
     
         8 . Method as claimed in  claim 7 , characterized in that the textile article is impregnated with a useful quantity of said product ranging from 1% to 15% in weight, and preferably from 1% to 10% or from 1% to 8% in weight of the dry textile article.  
     
     
         9 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that said product is condensed on at least one moving surface around which said textile article is driven.  
     
     
         10 . Method as claimed in  claim 9 , characterized in that said at least one moving surface is the cylindrical surface of a rotating guide roller.  
     
     
         11 . Method as claimed in  claim 10 , characterized in that said textile article is driven around two cooled guide rollers, one in contact with a first surface of the textile article and the other in contact with the opposed surface of the textile article.  
     
     
         12 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that the product is removed at least partially from the textile article after said product has acted on said textile article.  
     
     
         13 . Method as claimed in  claim 12 , characterized in that said product is removed from said textile article by means of evaporation.  
     
     
         14 . Method as claimed in  claim 13 , characterized in that the product evaporated from the textile article is condensed to once again impregnate a different portion of said textile article.  
     
     
         15 . Method as claimed in  claim 13 , characterized in that the impregnated textile article is heated to cause removal of the product by evaporation.  
     
     
         16 . Method as claimed in  claim 15 , characterized in that said textile article is heated by driving it around two heated rollers, in contact with the two opposed surfaces of the textile article.  
     
     
         17 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that: an impregnation chamber and a drying chamber, in fluid communication, are disposed along a feed path of the textile article; the textile article is impregnated with said condensed product in said impregnation chamber; the impregnated textile article is transferred from the impregnation chamber to the drying chamber; the product is removed by evaporation from the textile article in said drying chamber; the evaporated product in gaseous state is transferred from the evaporation chamber to the impregnation chamber.  
     
     
         18 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that said textile article is treated continuously.  
     
     
         19 . Method as claimed in  claim 1 , characterized in that said textile article is treated discontinuously.  
     
     
         20 . Machine for treating a textile article by means of a product in liquid phase at low condensation temperature, comprising: a path for the textile article; along said path impregnation means to impregnate the textile article with said product; means to remove the product from said textile article; characterized in that said impregnation means cause condensation of the product from the gaseous state to wet said textile article.  
     
     
         21 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that said impregnation means comprise at least one cooled surface, the textile article coming into contact with said cooled surface on which said product condenses.  
     
     
         22 . Machine as claimed in  claim 21 , characterized in that said at least one cooled surface is the cylindrical surface of a guide roller of the textile article.  
     
     
         23 . Machine as claimed in  claim 22 , characterized in that a scraper is associated with said cooled roller to eliminate any water ice.  
     
     
         24 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that it comprises two cooled rollers, to drive the textile article, said rollers being disposed along the path of the textile article so that a first of the surfaces of said textile article is in contact with the first of said rollers and the second of its surfaces is in contact with the second of said rollers.  
     
     
         25 . Machine as claimed  claim 20 , characterized in that it comprises an impregnation chamber, containing 07n atmosphere of said product in gaseous state, in which said impregnation means are disposed.  
     
     
         26 . Machine as claimed in  claim 25 , characterized in that it comprises a drying chamber, in which said means to remove the product from the textile article are disposed, the textile article traveling through said impregnation chamber and said drying chamber, disposed in series along the feed path of the textile article.  
     
     
         27 . Machine as claimed in  claim 26 , characterized in that said impregnation chamber and said drying chamber are in fluid communication, the product removed from the textile article in said drying chamber being transferred in gaseous state towards said impregnation chamber and being condensed therein.  
     
     
         28 . Machine as claimed in  claim 27 , characterized by a cavity between said drying chamber and said impregnation chamber, the evaporated product traveling through said cavity, in which cooling means are disposed.  
     
     
         29 . Machine as claimed in  claim 28 , characterized in that means to recover and remove water are associated with said cavity.  
     
     
         30 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20  to  29 , characterized in that said means to remove the product from the textile article comprise at least one heated roller.  
     
     
         31 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that said path for the textile article is a continuous path with an inlet and an outlet.  
     
     
         32 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that it comprises unwinding means to dispense the textile article from a first supply of textile article to be treated and winding means to recover the treated textile article and place it in a second supply of treated textile article, a path extending between said unwinding means and said winding means.  
     
     
         33 . Machine as claimed in  claim 20 , characterized in that said impregnation means may be taken to conditions of pressure and temperature that condense ammonia.