Lubricity additives for low sulfur hydrocarbon fuels

Abstract

The present invention relates to additives for enhancing the lubricity of hydrocarbon fuel oils, the inventive additive composition including one or more of the reaction products of (i) an alkylated polyamine and (ii) urea or isocyanate, or the salt adducts of these reaction products. More particularly, the present invention provides for a process for improving the lubricity of hydrocarbon fuel oils, which are low in inherent lubricity due to treatment to reduce sulfur and aromatic components for improved emissions.

1 . A hydrocarbon fuel oil composition comprising: 
 (a) a hydrocarbon fuel oil; and    (b) a lubricity additive comprising one or more of the reaction products of (i) an alkylated polyamine and (ii) urea or isocyanate, or the salt adducts of said reaction products.    
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said additive comprises a compound of the following formula (Formula I):  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; R 2  is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or the group Y; R 3  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; R 4  is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , (CH 2 ) q OH, or the group Y; x is from 2-6 and n is from 1 to 6, or mixtures thereof; q is from 1 to 6; and Y is as follows wherein R 3  is as defined above:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said additive comprises a compound of the following formula (Formula II):  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; R 2  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or the group Y; R 3  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; R 5  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; x is from 2-6 and n is from 1 to 6, or mixtures thereof; q is from 1 to 6; and Y is as follows wherein R 3  is as defined above:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said additive further comprises a compound of the following formula (Formula III):  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; and R 6  is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 .  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said hydrocarbon fuel oil contains less than 0.2% by weight of sulfur, based on the weight of said fuel oil.  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said additive is present in said fuel oil composition in an amount of about 5 to about 5000 ppm by weight per weight of said hydrocarbon fuel oil.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein said additive is present in an amount of about 50 to about 300 ppm by weight per weight of said hydrocarbon fuel oil.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the alkylated polyamine is N-alkyldiaminopropane.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1 , where said hydrocarbon fuel oil is a diesel fuel.  
     
     
         10 . A hydrocarbon fuel oil composition comprising: 
 (a) a hydrocarbon fuel oil; and    (b) one or more cyclic or open chain urea derivatives formed from an alkylene polyamine.    
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein the alkylene polyamine is N-alkyldiaminopropane.  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said open chain urea derivatives comprise a compound of the following formula, or a salt adduct thereof:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; R 2  is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or the group Y; R 3  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; R 4  is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , (CH 2 ) q OH, or the group Y; x is from 2-6 and n is from 1 to 6, or mixtures thereof; q is from 1 to 6; and Y is as follows wherein R 3  is as defined above:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said open chain urea derivatives comprise a compound of the following formula, or a salt adduct thereof:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; R 2  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or the group Y; R 3  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; R 5  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; x is from 2-6 and n is from 1 to 6, or mixtures thereof; q is from 1 to 6 and Y is as follows wherein R 3  is as defined above:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said cyclic urea derivatives comprise a compound of the following formula, or a salt adduct thereof:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; and R 6  is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 .  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said additive comprises a mixture of the compounds of Formulae I, II, and III or the salt adducts of said mixture:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       wherein R 1  is a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; R 2  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30  or the group Y; R 3  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; R 4  is hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , (CH 2 ) q OH, or the group Y; R 5  is each independently hydrogen, a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 , or (CH 2 ) q OH; x is from 2-6 and n is from 1 to 6, or mixtures thereof; q is from 1 to 6; R 6  is hydrogen, or a hydrocarbyl group from C 8-30 ; and Y is as follows wherein R 3  is as defined above:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said hydrocarbon fuel oil contains less than 0.2% by weight of sulfur, based on the weight of said fuel oil.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said additive is present in an amount of about 50 to about 300 ppm by weight per weight of said hydrocarbon fuel oil.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 10 , wherein said hydrocarbon fuel oil is a diesel fuel.  
     
     
         19 . An additive composition for increasing the lubricity of a hydrocarbon fuel oil comprising at least one reaction product of (i) an alkylated polyamine and (ii) urea or isocyanate, or a salt adduct of said reaction product.  
     
     
         20 . The additive composition of  claim 19 , wherein said at least one reaction product comprises a compound of Formula I, or a salt adduct thereof.  
     
     
         21 . The additive composition of  claim 19 , wherein said at least one reaction product comprises a compound of Formula II, or a salt adduct thereof.  
     
     
         22 . The additive composition of  claim 19 , wherein said at least one reaction product comprises a compound of Formula III, or a salt adduct thereof.  
     
     
         23 . An additive composition for increasing the lubricity of a hydrocarbon fuel oil comprising one or more cyclic or open chain urea derivatives formed from an alkylene polyamine.  
     
     
         24 . The additive composition of  claim 23 , wherein said alkylene polyamine is N-alkyldiaminopropane.  
     
     
         25 . A method of making an additive composition for enhancing the lubricity of a hydrocarbon fuel oil comprising reacting (i) an alkylated polyamine and (ii) urea or isocyanate under conditions to form a compound of Formula I.  
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein components (i) and (ii) are reacted under conditions to additionally form a compound of Formula II.  
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 26 , wherein components (i) and (ii) are reacted under conditions to additionally form a compound of Formula III.