Spilway with improved dissipation efficiency

Abstract

The purpose of the present invention is to obtain efficiency of dissipation or loss of the excess kinetic energy, at each required spillway of the even at relatively low approach of energy heads and relatively high discharges, which means at very low Froude numbers and by negligible decrease of the interior transversal cross-section of each required spillway by the designing of new hydraulic structures or even only on the basis of economically acceptable reparation each required of the already existing structures, the effective dissipation and/or loss of excess kinetic energy and thus prevent the bottom and banks of each required river channel downstream from the spillway against extensive erosion. The spillway consists of the consolidated stilling basin ( 2 ) positioned directly below/behind the spillway ( 1 ) and if/when required it is concluded with the end sill ( 3 ) and at the sides constrained with vertical or inclined side walls ( 4′, 4 ″). If required, in the area of such spillway there is an appropriate gate ( 6 ) or end sill ( 3 ) together with the side walls ( 4′, 4 ″), which represents a uniform, compact structure available to withdraw the hydraulic loadings and other phenomena, which occur between the impounding reservoir area of each stream flow arranged upstream/before the spillway and the tailwater river channel with the river banks below/behind the spillway area. According to the invention there, in the area at least one of the side walls ( 4′, 4 ″) of the spillway, at least one dissipation beam ( 5′, 5 ″) is foreseen, which extends at least essentially in the flow direction and protrudes from the side into the interior of the spillway.

1 . Spillway comprising a consolidated stilling basin ( 2 ), which is—when observed in the flow direction—placed directly below/behind the spillway chute ( 1 ) and if/when required concluded with the end sill ( 3 ) and at sides constrained with the at least essentially vertical or inclined side walls ( 4 ′,  4 ″), if necessary in the area of such spillway, an adequate gate ( 6 ) or similar closing structure, where the stilling basin together with the spillway ( 1 ) and if/when required with the end sill ( 3 ) together with the mentioned side walls ( 4 ′,  4 ″), represents an uniform, compact structure for regulating the hydraulic loads and other phenomena between the reservoir impounding area each desired stream, that is placed above or before the mentioned spillway and the tailwater river with the corresponding river banks behind/below the spillway, wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, that are running along the belonging side walls ( 4 ′,  4 ″) from the spillway area ( 1 ) at least essentially horizontally in the flow direction and extend up to the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least essentially to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       2 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two straightly designed dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, being inclined and raise from the spillway area ( 1 ) in the flow direction up to the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       3 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , characterized by that at least two straightly designed dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, extending from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and decreasing in the flow direction up to the end of stilling basin ( 2 ), at least to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       4 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are broken and extend from the spillway ( 1 ) at least essentially horizontally in the flow direction up to the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       5 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are broken and extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and raising up to the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       6 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″), which are broken and extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and decreasing in the flow direction up to the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least to the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       7 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two straightly designed dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) at least essentially horizontally in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       8 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two straightly designed dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and raising in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       9 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two straightly designed dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and decreasing in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       10 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are broken and extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) at least essentially horizontally in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       11 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are broken and extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and raising in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       12 . Spillway according to  claim 1 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are broken and extend from the spillway area ( 1 ) inclined and decreasing in the flow direction over the end of the stilling basin ( 2 ), at least over the end sill ( 3 ).  
   
   
       13 . Spillway according to  claim 12 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are arranged parallel each to another in the flow direction.  
   
   
       14 . Spillway according to  claim 12 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are arranged at least essentially in the flow direction, but are inclined each to another and approach/converge each to other in the flow direction.  
   
   
       15 . Spillway according to  claim 12 , wherein at least two dissipation beams ( 5 ′,  5 ″) are provided, which are arranged at least essentially in the flow direction, but are inclined each to another and digress/diverge each to other in the flow direction.  
   
   
       16 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a square transversal profile.  
   
   
       17 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a cut-off at least essentially rectangular or square transversal profile, where the lower and the upper surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are in principle hyperbolically hollowed, while the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is flat, smooth and at least essentially vertical.  
   
   
       18 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially trapezoidal transversal profile, by which the lower and the upper surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are flat and smooth and horizontal, the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is otherwise flat and smooth, but inclined outwards and downwards.  
   
   
       19 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a transversal profile, by which the lower and the upper surface ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are at least essentially hyperbolically widened in the direction against the corresponding side wall ( 4 ′), while the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is flat and smooth and thoroughly vertical.  
   
   
       20 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially trapezoidal transversal profile, by which the lower and the upper surface ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are flat and smooth and horizontal, the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is otherwise flat and smooth, but inclined downwards and inwards.  
   
   
       21 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a transversal profile, which is an upright rectangular profile, where the upper and the lower surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ) are flat and smooth and parallel, otherwise flat and vertical side surface ( 503 ) is equipped with a rectangular in longitudinal direction running groove ( 504 ).  
   
   
       22 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially trapezoidal transversal profile, by which the upper and the lower surface ( 501 ,  502 ) are flat and smooth, but inclined so that they are approaching each other in the direction against the corresponding side wall ( 4 ′), while the side surface ( 503 ) is flat and smooth and at least essentially vertical.  
   
   
       23 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a cut-off at least essentially rectangular or square transversal profile, where the lower and the upper surface ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are at least essentially hyperbolically hollowed, and the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is hollowed in the similar manner as well.  
   
   
       24 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially T-shaped transversal profile, by which the lower and the upper surface ( 501 ,  502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are gradually hollowed in the area next to the wall ( 4 ′), while the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is flat, smooth and vertical.  
   
   
       25 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially circular profile.  
   
   
       26 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially trapezoidal transversal profile, by which the upper surface ( 501 ) and the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are flat and smooth and orthogonal each to another, and by which the lower surface ( 502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is flat and smooth, but inclined inwardly towards the corresponding side wall ( 4 ′) and downwards.  
   
   
       27 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially rectangular transversal profile, by which the upper and the lower surface ( 501 ,  502 ) are flat, smooth and extend essentially parallel each to other, while the vertically extending flat side surface ( 503 ) is equipped with a centrally arranged and in longitudinal direction extending rectangular groove ( 504 ), within which a further centrally arranged and also in the longitudinal direction running rectangular groove ( 505 ) is available.  
   
   
       28 . Spillway according of  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially trapezoidal transversal profile, by which the bottom surface ( 502 ) and the side surface ( 503 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are flat and smooth and orthogonal each to other, while the flat and smooth top surface ( 501 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) is inclined in the direction inwardly towards the wall ( 4 ′) and upwards.  
   
   
       29 . Spillway according of  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially rhomboidal transversal profile, by which the flat and smooth top surface ( 501 ) and the bottom surface ( 502 ) are inclined and extend downwardly towards the corresponding wall ( 4 ′), while the side surface ( 503 ) is flat, smooth and vertical.  
   
   
       30 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially E-shaped transversal profile, i.e. an upright rectangular profile with flat and smooth at least essentially horizontal surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ) extending parallel each to other, as well as with an essentially vertical side surface ( 503 ), which is equipped with two rectangular grooves ( 504 ,  505 ), which are parallel each to another and extend along the beam ( 5 ′).  
   
   
       31 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially H-shaped transversal profile, i.e. an upright rectangular profile with flat and smooth horizontal surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ), which extend essentially parallel each to other, each of them is equipped with a rectangular groove ( 504 ,  505 ), and the said grooves being parallel each to other and extend along the beam ( 5 ′).  
   
   
       32 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a modified H-shaped transversal profile, i.e. an upright rectangular profile with flat and smooth horizontal surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ), which extend essentially parallel each to other, further by a side surface ( 503 ), which is at least essentially flat, smooth and vertical, and in addition with a top surface ( 501 ), which is gradually hollowed in the direction towards the belonging side wall ( 4 ′), as well as with the bottom surface ( 502 ), which is equipped with a running rectangular groove ( 504 ), which extends in longitudinal direction.  
   
   
       33 . Spillway according of  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having a transversal profile, by which the top surface ( 501 ) and the bottom surface ( 502 ) are parallel each to other, while the side surface ( 503 ) is gradually inclined in direction downwards and towards the belonging side wall ( 4 ′).  
   
   
       34 . Spillway according of  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially L-shaped transversal profile, i.e. an upright rectangular profile with flat and smooth horizontal surfaces ( 501 ,  502 ), which extend essentially parallel each to other, where the top surface ( 501 ) is gradually hollowed in the direction towards the belonging side wall ( 4 ′), while the lower surface ( 502 ) and vertical side surface ( 503 ) are flat and smooth.  
   
   
       35 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially U-shaped transversal profile, i.e. an upright rectangular profile with horizontally extending and essentially each to other parallel top and bottom surface ( 501 ,  502 ), where the said top surface ( 501 ) is flat, but the said bottom surface ( 502 ) is equipped with a longitudinally extending rectangular groove ( 504 ), while the side surface ( 503 ) is at least essentially flat, smooth and vertical.  
   
   
       36 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) having at least essentially X-shaped transversal profile, i.e. at least essentially rectangular or square profile, where the top surface ( 501 ) is gradually inclined downwardly and inwardly towards the belonging side wall ( 4 ′), while the side surface ( 503 ) and the lower surface ( 502 ) of the beam ( 5 ′) are trapezoidal and hollowed so that each of them includes a trapezoidal groove ( 504 ,  505 ), which extends in its longitudinal direction.  
   
   
       37 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one complex dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), which consists of at least two adjacent beams.  
   
   
       38 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one complex dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), which consists of at least two adjacent beams having expressly flattened rectangular transversal profile.  
   
   
       39 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), the transversal profile of which remains essentially unchanged along the whole length of the beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″).  
   
   
       40 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), the transversal profile of which changes along the length of the beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″).  
   
   
       41 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), the transversal profile of which changes in a uniform manner along the length of the beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″).  
   
   
       42 . Spillway according to  claim 15 , comprising at least one dissipation beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″), the transversal profile of which changes along the length of the beam ( 5 ′,  5 ″) in a not uniform manner.