Nonaqueous electrolyte battery

Abstract

A nonaqueous electrolyte battery includes a case, a nonaqueous electrolyte provided in the case, a positive electrode provided in the case, and a negative electrode provided in the case, including a negative electrode active material and an electronic conductor containing a carbonaceous material, wherein a negative electrode working potential is nobler at least 1 V than a lithium electrode potential, and the carbonaceous material has a spacing (d 002 ) of (002) plane of 0.344 nm or more and 0.352 nm or less, and a crystallite size (Lc) in the C-axis direction of 10 nm or less.

1 . A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising: 
 a case;    a nonaqueous electrolyte provided in the case;    a positive electrode provided in the case; and    a negative electrode provided in the case, including a negative electrode active material and an electronic conductor containing a carbonaceous material,    wherein a negative electrode working potential is nobler at least 1 V than a lithium electrode potential, and the carbonaceous material has a spacing (d 002 ) of (002) plane of 0.344 nm or more and 0.352 nm or less, and a crystallite size (Lc) in the C-axis direction of 10 nm or less.    
   
   
       2 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the crystallite size (Lc) in the C-axis direction is 0.1 nm or more and 10 nm or less.  
   
   
       3 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the spacing (d 002 ) is 0.345 nm or more and 0.35 nm or less.  
   
   
       4 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein an average particle size of the carbonaceous material is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less.  
   
   
       5 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a cumulative volume distribution in which 10% particle size D 10  is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, 50% particle size D 50  is 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and 90% particle size D 90  is 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less.  
   
   
       6 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein a specific surface area of the carbonaceous material is 10 m 2 /g or more and 100 m 2 /g or less.  
   
   
       7 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode active material includes lithium titanate particles.  
   
   
       8 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 7 , wherein an average primary particle size of the lithium titanate particles is 1 μm or less.  
   
   
       9 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 7 , wherein a composition of the lithium titanate particles is expressed as Li 4+x Ti 5 O 12 , where x is in a range of 0≦x≦3.  
   
   
       10 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the case is formed of a sheet of 0.5 mm or less in thickness.  
   
   
       11 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode further contains a binder.  
   
   
       12 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 1 , wherein the nonaqueous electrolyte further contains a lithium salt.  
   
   
       13 . A nonaqueous electrolyte battery comprising: 
 a case;    a nonaqueous electrolyte provided in the case;    a positive electrode provided in the case; and    a negative electrode provided in the case, including a negative electrode active material and an electronic conductor containing a carbonaceous material,    wherein the negative electrode active material contains at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, iron sulfide, titanium sulfide, and composite oxide containing lithium and titanium, and the carbonaceous material has a spacing (d 002 ) of (002) plane of 0.344 nm or more and 0.352 nm or less, and a crystallite size (Lc) in the C-axis direction of 10 nm or less.    
   
   
       14 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 13 , wherein the crystallite size (Lc) in the C-axis direction is 0.1 nm or more and 10 nm or less, and the spacing (d 002 ) is 0.345 nm or more and 0.35 nm or less.  
   
   
       15 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 13 , wherein the carbonaceous material has a cumulative volume distribution in which 10% particle size D 10  is 0.1 μm or more and 10 μm or less, 50% particle size D 50  is 5 μm or more and 20 μm or less, and 90% particle size D 90  is 10 μm or more and 30 μm or less.  
   
   
       16 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 13 , wherein a composition of the composite oxide containing lithium and titanate is expressed as Li 4+x Ti 5 O 12 , where x is in a range of 0≦x≦3.  
   
   
       17 . The nonaqueous electrolyte battery according to  claim 13 , wherein a composition of the iron sulfide is expressed as FeS x , where x is in a range of 1.08≦x≦1.33.