Large surface area geogrids with a high tensile strength, a method and apparatus for producing them, and their use as drain and reinforcement grids and as fences

Abstract

The invention provides large surface area geogrids with a high tensile strength, a method and apparatus for producing them, and their use as drain and reinforcement grids and as fences. The method for the continuous production of geogrids which have a large surface area and comprise thermoplastic bars which cross one another and are joined together by welding at the areas where they cross one another is characterized in that single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented plastic bars with a high tensile strength are used and a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged behind one another and next to one another are intermittently welded simultaneously using the vibration-welding technique. In this method, a newly developed vibration-welding apparatus is used, which is characterized in that it has at least one vibration device which can be used to weld at least 100 crossing areas, preferably up to 500 crossing areas, simultaneously.

1 - 20 . (canceled.)  
     
     
         21 . A geogrid method for continuous production manufactured by a comprising 
 (a) furnishing a number of single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented thermoplastic bars with a high tensile strength positioned parallel to one another in a direction of the machine, and designated as longitudinal bars, in such a way that a continuous stress in the individual longitudinal bars is ensured during a subsequent welding operation;    (b) laying a number of single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented thermoplastic bars with a high tensile strength onto the longitudinal bars transversely to the direction of the machine, and designated as transverse bars, in such a way that a constant stress remains in the individual transverse bars, forming a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged next to and behind one another;    (c) conveying intermittently said longitudinal bars together with the transverse bars laying on the longitudinal bars, into a vibration-welding apparatus having at least one vibration-welding device equipped with a vibration plate, which vibration plate has a large surface area and which vibration plate is used to weld at least 100 crossing areas simultaneously; and    (d) welding all crossing areas of the thermoplastic bars under pressure simultaneously by vibration, whereby the plastic bars at their crossing areas are made to vibrate with frequencies and amplitudes which are such that the surfaces soften, and, in this way, are welded together under pressure.    
     
     
         22 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21   wherein a corresponding number of vibration-welding devices set up next to one another depending on a desired width,    wherein in each case from 100 to 500 crossing areas can be welded simultaneously with one of said vibration-welding devices,    and wherein said vibration-welding devices are made to vibrate simultaneously at equal pressures and amplitudes and frequencies.    
     
     
         23 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 vibration welding simultaneously from about 500 to 8000 crossing areas.    
     
     
         24 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 inducing a plurality of vibration-welding devices to vibrate simultaneously at equal pressures and amplitudes and frequencies, wherein    the amplitudes are disposed in a range from about 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm and wherein the frequencies are disposed in a range from about 60 to 300 Hz.    
     
     
         25 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 positioning plastic bars for crossing over one another in such a way that the transverse bars cross the longitudinal bars at an angle of from 45° to 90°.    
     
     
         26 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 positioning plastic bars for crossing over one another in such a way that the plastic bars which run transversely to the direction of the machine, and designated as transverse bars, cross the plastic bars, which run parallel to one another in the direction of the machine and are designated as longitudinal bars, at an angle of from 45° to 90°.    
     
     
         27 . A geogrid manufactured according to claims  21 , further comprising 
 arranging the plastic bars in such a way that the plastic bars are disposed at a distance of from about 10 to 100 mm from one another and from side edge to side edge.    
     
     
         28 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 arranging a number of plastic bars in a direction of the machine and a corresponding number of plastic bars in a direction transverse thereto such that an overall width of the geogrid is from about 3 m to 6 m and wherein an overall length of the greogrid is from about 25 m to 500 m.    
     
     
         29 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 producing plastic bars having a tensile strength of from about 300 to 800N/mm2.    
     
     
         30 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 producing plastic bars having a square cross section with a side length of from about 2 mm to 6 mm.    
     
     
         31 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 stamping the plastic bars on their top side or bottom side, wherein the plastic bars used have a stamped depth on their top and/or bottom sides of from 0.5 to 30%, based on the thickness of the plastic bars.    
     
     
         32 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 selecting the longitudinal bars such that they are wider or thicker as compared with the transverse plastic bars used in the transverse direction.    
     
     
         33 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 producing the plastic bars from a member of the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polypropylene (PP), and mixtures thereof.    
     
     
         34 . A geogrid manufactured according to  claim 21 , further comprising 
 additionally laminating a fabric selected from the group consisting of nonwoven, woven or knitted fabrics onto one or both sides of a finished large surface area geogrid with a heated tool, with hot air or with adhesive.    
     
     
         35 . A vibration-welding apparatus for a continuous production of geogrids using thermoplastic bars which cross one another forming a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged next to and behind one another which are intermittently welded simultaneously, wherein the vibration-welding apparatus includes at least one vibration-welding device, equipped with a vibration plate, which vibration plate has a large surface area and which vibration plate is used to weld at least 100 crossing areas simultaneously.  
     
     
         36 . A vibration-welding apparatus according to  claim 35 , 
 wherein a corresponding number of vibration-welding devices set up next to one another depending on a desired width of the geogrid,    wherein in each case from 100 to 500 crossing areas can be welded simultaneously with one of said vibration-welding devices,    and wherein said vibration-welding devices are made to vibrate simultaneously at equal pressures an amplitudes and frequencies (−).    
     
     
         37 . A vibration-welding apparatus according to  claim 35 , further comprising 
 inducing a plurality of vibration-welding devices to vibrate simultaneously at equal pressures and amplitudes an frequencies, wherein    the amplitudes are disposed in a range from about 0.5 mm to 2.5 mm and wherein the frequencies are disposed in a range from about 60 to 300 Hz.    
     
     
         38 . Geogrids having a large surface area and comprising single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented bars with a high tensile strength which cross one another forming a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged next to and behind one another, wherein 
 transverse bars forming an upper layer and disposed next to each other at a distance are resting on longitudinal bars forming a lower layer and disposed next to each other at a distance thereby forming a grid arrangement, wherein this grid arrangement is solidly connected at crossing areas of transverse bars and longitudinal bars by vibration welding, and wherein the directly contacting surfaces of transverse bars and longitudinal bars in the crossing areas were directly heated and welded together by vibration friction of said contacting surfaces.    
     
     
         39 . Geogrids comprising 
 longitudinal bars forming a lower layer and disposed next to each other at a distance;    transverse bars forrning an upper layer and disposed next to each other at a distance and disposed resting on the longitudinal bars forming the lower layer, wherein the longitudinal bars and the transverse bars cross one another, form a grid arrangement having a multiplicity of crossing areas arranged next to and behind one another, wherein this grid arrangement is solidly connected at the crossing areas of longitudinal bars and traverse bars by vibration welding, and wherein the directly contacting surfaces of the longitudinal bars and the transverse bars in the crossing areas were heated and welded together by vibration friction thereby furnishing a geogrid having a large surface area and comprising single-layer, homogeneous, molecular-oriented bars with a high tensile strength.