US2004126304A1PendingUtilityA1

High temperature superconducting cabon nanotubes and methods for making them

36
Priority: Aug 7, 2002Filed: Aug 7, 2003Published: Jul 1, 2004
Est. expiryAug 7, 2022(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Guo Zhao
C04B 2235/94C04B 35/52B82Y 30/00C04B 2235/5288B82Y 10/00C04B 2235/96H10N 60/99
36
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Claims

Abstract

Disclosed are high temperature and/or room temperature superconducting carbon nanotube compositions having either a critical doping range, a critical chirality or a mixture thereof, high temperature superconducting graphite compositions having a critical doping range, methods of achieving a phase-coherent, near zero resistivity superconducting state in multiwalled carbon nanotubes and bundles of superconducting carbon nanotubes, methods of achieving a large positive magnetoresistance in bundles of superconducting carbon nanotubes, and methods for making and using such nanotubes or bundles. Disclosed also are devices and apparatuses (e.g., magnetic reading heads, magnetic switch devices, magnetic imaging devices, and superconducting quantum interference devices) comprising superconducting carbon nanotubes and/or bundles of superconducting carbon nanotubes.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
I claim:  
     
         1 . A composition comprising at least one nanotube, where the at least one nanotube has a phase-coherent or phase incoherent superconductivity above 20 K.  
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the superconductivity occurs above 120 K.  
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the superconductivity occurs above 250 K.  
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the superconductivity occurs above 300 K.  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single-wall nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes and mixtures or combinations thereof.  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the nanotubes are single walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-incoherent.  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the nanotubes are multi-walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-coherent.  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a bundle of nanotubes.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single-wall nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes and mixtures or combinations thereof.  
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the nanotubes are single walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-coherent.  
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the nanotubes are multi-walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-coherent.  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising a matrix including bundles of nanotubes.  
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 12 , wherein the nanotubes are selected from the group consisting of single-wall nanotubes, multi-walled nanotubes and mixtures or combinations thereof.  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the nanotubes are single walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-coherent.  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 13 , wherein the nanotubes are multi-walled nanotubes and the superconductivity is phase-coherent.  
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising nanotubes, nanotube bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof.  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the nanotubes are capable of conducting current with minimal to no loss.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein each nanotube includes an outer wall having a chirality of Mod3(n−m)=0.  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein each nanotube includes an outer wall having a chirality of n−m=0.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein each wall of each nanotube has a chirality of Mod3(n−m)=0.  
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein each wall of each nanotube has a chirality of n−m=0.  
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the nanotubes are aligned along an axis and an inter-nanotube separation is between about 2.2 Å and about 5 Å.  
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the nanotubes are aligned along an axis and an inter-nanotube separation is between about 2.5Å and about 4 Å.  
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the nanotubes are aligned along an axis and an inter-nanotube separation is between about 2.5 Å and about 3.5 Å.  
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 8 , wherein the nanotubes are aligned along an axis and an inter-nanotube separation is between about 2.75 Å and about 3.25 Å.  
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is formed into an electrically conducting element, a rope, or a wire.  
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the composition is deposited on a metallic surface.  
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 1 , further comprising sufficient dopant to support superconductivity.  
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 28 , wherein the dopant is selected from the group consisting of a surface having a different work function, an electric field, a chemical dopant, and a physical dopant.  
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the chemical and physical dopants are selected from the group consisting of oxidants, reductants, dopants resulting from atom or ion implantation, and dopants from charged particle bombardment.  
     
     
         31 . An apparatus comprising a component including a composition claims  1 - 30 .  
     
     
         32 . The apparatus of  claim 31 , further comprising at least two electronic components interconnected with the composition.  
     
     
         33 . The apparatus of  claim 31 , wherein the apparatus comprises a levitation apparatus comprising superconducting magnets comprising the composition.  
     
     
         34 . The apparatus of  claim 31 , wherein the component includes an electrically conductive element.  
     
     
         35 . The apparatus of  claim 31 , wherein the apparatus comprises magnetic reading heads, magnetic switch devices, magnetic imaging devices or superconducting quantum interference devices.  
     
     
         36 . A method for forming superconducting materials comprising the steps of: 
 providing a composition including superconducting nanotubes, superconducting nanotube bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof, aligning the superconducting nanotubes, superconducting bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof and forming the aligned superconducting nanotubes, superconducting nanotube bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof into an elongate form.    
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 36 , further comprising the step of: 
 doping the elongate form with sufficient dopant so that the form superconducts at a desired temperature.    
     
     
         38 . The method of  claim 36 , the desired temperature is above 20 K.  
     
     
         39 . The method of  claim 36 , the desired temperature is above 120 K.  
     
     
         40 . The method of  claim 36 , the desired temperature is above 250 K.  
     
     
         41 . The method of  claim 36 , the desired temperature is above 300 K.  
     
     
         42 . A method for forming superconducting materials comprising the steps of: 
 providing a suspension of a composition including superconducting nanotubes, superconducting nanotube bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof in a solvent; and    forcing the suspension through an small orifice onto a substrate, where the forcing cause an alignment of the superconducting nanotubes, superconducting bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof on the substrate.    
     
     
         43 . A method for forming superconducting connection between electronic contacts comprising the steps of: 
 providing a suspension of a composition including superconducting nanotubes, superconducting nanotube bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof; and    spraying the suspension onto a substrate having electronic contacts disposed thereon so that the composition forms an electrically conductive pathway between a desired pair of contact along a desired path, where the spraying aligns the superconducting nanotubes, superconducting bundles or mixtures or combinations thereof.

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