Organically functionalized carbon nanocapsule

Abstract

An organically functionalized carbon nanocapsule. A carbon nanocapsule has at least one kind of organic functional group bonded thereon. The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule is of the following formula: F(-E) n , in which F is the carbon nanocapsule, E is the organic functional group, and n is the number of the organic functional group. By functionalization of high-purity carbon nanocapsules, the application thereof is expanded.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . An organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule, comprising: 
 a carbon nanocapsule; and    at least one kind of organic functional groups bonded thereon,    wherein the organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule is of the following formula:    F(-E) n , in which F is the carbon nanocapsule, E is the organic functional group, and n is the number of the organic functional group.    
     
     
         2 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a polyhedral carbon cluster constituting multiple graphite layers having a balls-within-a ball structure, and the diameter of a carbon nanocapsule is 3-100 nm.  
     
     
         3 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is hollow.  
     
     
         4 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a metal-filled carbon nanocapsule filled with metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, or alloys.  
     
     
         5 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein n is 1-100,000.  
     
     
         6 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein each E is independently E 1 , E 2 , E 3 , E 4  or E 5 , in which each E 1 , independently, is Y 1 ,Y 2 -amino, (Y 1 ,Y 2 -alkyl)amino, Y 1 ,Y 2 -ethylenediamino, (dihydroxymethyl)alkylamino, (X 1 ,X 3 -aryl)amino, or X 1 ,X 3 -aryloxy; each E 2 , independently, is Y 1 ,Y 2 -alkoxy, (Y 1 ,Y 2 -amino)alkoxy, (Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -aryl)oxy, (dihydroxyalkyl)aryloxy, (Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -alkyl)amino, (Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -aryl)amino, or dihydroxyalkylamino; each E 3 , independently, is Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -alkoxy, (trihydroxyalkyl)alkoxy, (trihydroxyalkyl)alkylamino, (dicarboxyalkyl)amino, (Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -alkyl)thio, (X 1 ,X 2 -aryl)thio, (Y 1 ,Y 2 -alkyl)thio, (dihydroxyalkyl)thio, Y 1 ,Y 2 -dioxoalkyl; each E 4 , independently, is ((glycosidyl)oxoheteroaryl)amino, ((glycosidyl)oxoaryl)amino, (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 -heteroaryl)amino, (X 1 -diarylketone)amino, (X,X 1 -oxoaryl)amino, (X,X 1 -dioxoaryl) amino, (Y 1 -alkyl, Y 2 -alkyldioxoheteroaryl)amino, (Y 1 -alkyl, Y 2 -alkyldioxoaryl)amino, (di (Y 1 ,Y 2  methyl)dioxoheteroaryl)amino, (di (Y 1 ,Y 2 -methyl)dioxoaryl)amino, ((glycosidyl)heteroaryl)amino, ((glycosidyl)aryl)amino, ((carboxylacetylalkyl)oxoheteroaryl)amino, ((carboxylacetylalkyl)oxoaryl)amino, ((isopropylaminohydroxyalkoxy)aryl)amino, or (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 -alkylaryl)amino; each E 5 , independently, is (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 -heteroaryl)oxy, (isopropylaminohydroxyalkyl)aryloxy, (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 -oxoheteroaryl)oxy, (X 1 ,X 2 ,X 3 -oxoaryl)oxy, (X 1 ,Y 1 -oxoheteroaryl)oxy, (X 1 -diarylketone)oxy, (X,X 1 -oxoaryl)oxy, (X 1 ,X 2 -dioxoaryl)oxy, (Y 1 ,Y 2 ,diaminodihydroxy)alkyl, (X 1 ,X 2 -heteroaryl)thio, ((tricarboxylalkyl)ethylenediamino)alkoxy, (X 1 ,X 2 -oxoaryl)thio, (X 1 ,X 2 -dioxoaryl)thio, (glycosidylheteroaryl)thio, (glycosidylaryl)thio, Y 1 -alkyl(thiocarbonyl)thio, Y 1 ,Y 2 -alkyl(thiocarbonyl)thio, Y 1 ,Y 2 ,Y 3 -alkyl(thiocarbonyl)thio, (Y 1 ,Y 2 -aminothiocarbonyl)thio, (pyranosyl)thio, cysteinyl, tyrosinyl, (phenylalainyl)amino, (dicarboxyalkyl)thio, (aminoaryl) 1-20  amino, or (pyranosyl)amino; 
 each X, independently, is halide; each of X 1  and X 2 , independently, is —H, —Y 1 , —O—Y 1 , —S—Y 1 , —NH—Y 1 , —CO—O—Y 1 , —O—CO—Y 1 , —CO—NH—Y 1 , —CO—NY 1 Y 2 , —NH—CO—Y 1 , —SO 2 —Y 1 , —CHY 1 Y 2 , or —NY 1 Y 2 ; each X 3 , independently, is —Y 1 , —O—Y 1 , —S—Y 1 , —NH—Y 1 , —CO—O—Y 1 , —O—CO—Y 1 , —CO—NH—Y 1 , —CO—NY 1 Y 2 , —NH—CO—Y 1 , —SO 2 —Y 1 , —CHY 1 Y 2  or —NY 1 Y 2 ;    each of Y 1 , Y 2  and Y 3 , independently, is—B—Z;    each B, independently, is —R a —O—[Si(CH 3 ) 2 —O—] 1-100 , C 1-2000  alkyl, C 6-40  aryl, C 7-60  alkylaryl, C 7-60  arylalkyl, (C 1-30  alkyl ether) 1-100 , (C 6-40  aryl ether) 1-100 , (C 7-60  alkylaryl ether) 1-100 , (C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , (C 1-30  alkyl thioether) 1-100 (C 6-40  aryl thioether) 1-100 , (C 7-60  alkylaryl thioether) 1-100 , (C 7-60  arylalkyl thioether) 1-100 , (C 2-50  alkyl ester) 1-100 , (C 7-60  aryl ester) 1-100 , (C 8-70  alkylaryl ester) 1-100 , (C 8-70  arylalkyl ester) 1-100 , —R—CO—O—(C 1-30  alkyl ether) 1-100 , —R—CO—O—(C 6-40  aryl ether) 1-100 , —R—CO—O—(C 7-60  alkylaryl ether) 1-100 , —R—CO—O—(C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , (C 4-50  alkyl urethane) 1-100  (C 14-60  aryl urethane) 1-100 , (C 10-80  alkylaryl urethane) 1-100  (C 10-80  arylalkyl urethane) 1-100 , (C 5-50  alkyl urea) 1-100 , (C 14-60  aryl urea) 1-100  (C 10-80  alkylaryl urea) 1-100 , (C 10-80  arylalkyl urea) 1-100 , (C 2-50  alkyl amide) 1-100 , (C 7-60  aryl amide) 1-100 , (C 8-70  alkylaryl amide) 1-100  (C 8-70  arylalkyl amide) 1-100 , (C 3-30  alkyl anhydride) 1-100 , (C 8-50  aryl anhydride) 1-100 , (C 9-60  alkylaryl anhydride) 1-100  (C 9-60  arylalkyl anhydride) 1-100  (C 2-30  alkyl carbonate) 1-100 , (C 7-50  aryl carbonate) 1-100 , (C 8-60  alkylaryl carbonate) 1-100 , (C 8-60  arylalkyl carbonate) 1-100 , —R 1 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 1-30  alkyl ether, C 6-40  aryl ether, C 7-60  alkylaryl ether, or C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , —R 1 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O(C 2-50  alkyl ester, C 7-60  aryl ester, C 8-70  alkylaryl ester, or C 8-70  arylalkyl ester) 1-100 , —R 1 —C—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 1-30  alkyl ether, C 6-40  aryl ether, C 7-60  alkylaryl ether, or C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , —CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—, —R 1 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 2-50  alkyl ester, C 7-60  aryl ester, C 8-70  alkylaryl ester, or C 8-70  arylalkyl ester) 1-100 , —R 3 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—, —R 1 —NH—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 1-30  alkyl ether, C 6-40  aryl ether, C 7-60  alkylaryl ether, or C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , —R 1  —NH—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 2-50  alkyl ester, C 7-60  aryl ester, C 8-70  alkylaryl ester, or C 8-70  arylalkyl ester) 1-100 , —R 1 — —NH— —CO— —NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH— —CO— —O—(C 1-30  alkyl ether, C 6-40  aryl ether, C 7-60  alkylaryl ether, or C 7-60  arylalkyl ether) 1-100 , —CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—o—, —R 1 —NH—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—(C 2-50  alkyl ester, C 7-60  aryl ester, C 8-70  alkylaryl ester, or C 8-70  arylalkyl ester) 1-100 , —R 3 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—O—, —R 1 —O—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)—NH—CO—NH—(C 2-50  alkyl amide, C 7-60  aryl amide, C 8-70  alkylaryl amide, or C 8-70  arylalkyl amide) 1-100 , or —R 1 —NH—CO—NH—(R 2  or Ar—R 2 —Ar)NH—CO—NH—(C 2-50  alkyl amide, C 7-60  aryl amide, C 8-70  alkylaryl amide, or C 8-70  arylalkyl amide) 1-100 ;    each Z, independently, is —C—D—, wherein each C, independently, is —R—, —R—Ar—, —Ar—R—, or—Ar—;    and each D, independently, is —OH, —SH, —NH 2 , —NHOH, —SO 3 H, —OSO 3 H, —COOH, —CONH 2 , —CO—NH—NH 2 , —CH(NH 2 )—COOH, —P(OH) 3 , —PO(OH) 2 , —O—PO(OH) 2 , —O—PO(OH)—O—PO(OH) 2 /—O—PO(O)—O—CH 2 OH 2 NH 3   + , -glycoside, —OCH 3 , —O—CH 2 —(CHOH) 4 —CH 24 —CH, —O—CH 2 —(CHOH) 2 —CHOH, —C 6 H 3 (OH) 2 , —NH 3   + , —N + HR b R c , or N + HR b R c R d ; wherein each of R, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R a , R b , R c , and R d  independently, is C 1-30  alkyl, each Ar, independently, is aryl.    
     
     
         7 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is functionalized by a redox reaction.  
     
     
         8 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is functionalized by a cycloaddition reaction.  
     
     
         9 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is functionalized by a radical addition reaction.  
     
     
         10 . An organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule, comprising: 
 a carbon nanocapsule; and    at least one kind of organic functional groups bonded thereon,    wherein the organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule is of the formula:    F(-E) n , in which F is the carbon nanocapsule, E is the organic functional group selected from —OH, —C═O, —CHO or —COOH, n is the number of the organic functional group, and the carbon nanocapsule F is functionalized by a redox reaction.    
     
     
         11 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a polyhedral carbon cluster constituting multiple graphite layers having a balls-within-a ball structure, and the diameter of a carbon nanocapsule is 3-100 nm.  
     
     
         12 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is hollow.  
     
     
         13 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a metal-filled carbon nanocapsule filled with metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, or alloys.  
     
     
         14 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein n is 1-100,000.  
     
     
         15 . An organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule, comprising: 
 a carbon nanocapsule; and    at least one kind of organic functional groups bonded thereon,    wherein the organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule is of the following formula:    F(-E) n , in which F is the carbon nanocapsule, E is the organic functional group selected from —NHAr, —N + (CH 3 ) 2 Ar, ═CCl 2  or amino group, n is the number of the organic functional group, and the carbon nanocapsule F is functionalized by a cycloaddition reaction.    
     
     
         16 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a polyhedral carbon cluster constituting multiple graphite layers having a balls-within-a ball structure, and the diameter of a carbon nanocapsule is 3-100 nm.  
     
     
         17 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is hollow.  
     
     
         18 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a metal-filled carbon nanocapsule filled with metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, or alloys.  
     
     
         19 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 15 , wherein n is 1-100,000.  
     
     
         20 . An organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule, comprising: 
 a carbon nanocapsule; and    at least one kind of organic functional groups bonded thereon,    wherein the organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule is of the following formula:    F(-E) n , in which F is the carbon nanocapsule, E is the organic functional group selected from —OH, —OSO 3 —, —C(CH 3 ) 2 COOCH 3  or —C(CH 3 ) 2 CN, n is the number of the organic functional group, and the carbon nanocapsule F is functionalized by a radical addition reaction.    
     
     
         21 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a polyhedral carbon cluster constituting multiple graphite layers having a balls-within-a ball structure, and the diameter of a carbon nanocapsule is 3-100 nm.  
     
     
         22 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is hollow.  
     
     
         23 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein the carbon nanocapsule is a metal-filled carbon nanocapsule filled with metals, metal oxides, metal carbides, or alloys.  
     
     
         24 . The organically-functionalized carbon nanocapsule as claimed in  claim 20 , wherein n is 1-100,000.