Installation and method for processing shredder residues and use of a shred fraction so produced

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of vehicle bodies, where the shredder residues are separated into a light shredder fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (heavy shredder fraction (SSF); as well as to a system for implementing the method. The present invention provides for (a) a crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) being generated during the processing of the light shredder fraction (SLF) and the heavy shredder fraction (SSF) in preliminary processes (Vor L , Vor S ) and a main process (SR H ), by extracting at least a ferromagnetic fraction (Fe/V2A), a fraction (NE) containing nonferrous metals, a granulate fraction (Granulate), and a sand fraction (Sand), and (b) the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) being separated into a metal-containing dust fraction (NE dust ) , a lint fraction (Lint pure ) lacking in metals, and a metallic fraction (NE V ) in a refining process, using the successive process steps of metal-balling, dust removal, and density separation.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes of, in particular, vehicle body shells, especially those of scrap cars or crashed cars, where the shredder residues are separated into a light shredder fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (heavy shredder fraction (SSF)), wherein 
 (a) during the sorting of the light shredder fraction (SLF) and/or the heavy shredder fraction (SSF), a crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is produced in at least one preliminary process (Vor L , Vor S ) and/or a main process (SR H ), by separating out at least one, advantageously at least two, and especially at least three of the fractions, iron-containing and ferromagnetic fraction (Fe, V2A), fraction (NE) containing nonferrous metals, granulate fraction (Granulate), and sand fraction (Sand); and    (b) the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is separated out in a refining process (V).    
     
     
         2 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is separated into a least one, in particular at least two of the fractions, metal-containing dust fraction (NE dust ), lint fraction (Lint pure ) lacking in metals, and metallic fraction (NE V ).  
     
     
         3 . The method as recited in  claim 1  or  2 , wherein the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is separated into a least one, in particular at least two of the process steps, metal balling, dust removal, and/or density separation, these process steps advantageously being carried out in the order indicated.  
     
     
         4 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is separated from at least the light shredder fraction (SLF) and, in particular, from only this.  
     
     
         5 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the light shredder fraction (SLF) is subjected to a further pretreatment by a magnetic separator, in order to separate out residual, ferromagnetic fractions.  
     
     
         6 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one, advantageously at least two, and especially at least three of the fractions, iron-containing or ferromagnetic fractions (Fe, V2A), fine-grained sand fraction (Sand L ), crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ), and/or granular (coarse-grained), heavy-material fraction (SG L ) are separated from the light shredder fraction (SLF) in the preliminary process (Vor L ), using at least one, in particular at least two of the process steps of shredding, metal separation, classification, and density separation, advantageously in the order indicated; at least the last-mentioned fraction preferably being obtained.  
     
     
         7 . The method as recited in  claim 6 , wherein, in the preliminary process (Vor L ), a cellular-plastic fraction (PU) is additionally separated from the light shredder fraction (SLF), in particular using a suction device (ABL).  
     
     
         8 . The method as recited in  claim 6  or  7 , wherein, with the aid of shredding and/or classification, at least 60 wt. %, in particular at least 80 wt. % of the heavy-material fraction (SG L ) attains a diameter of 4 to 10 mm.  
     
     
         9 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein, in the preliminary process (Vor S ), at least a fraction (NE S ) containing nonferrous metals, a fine-grained sand fraction (Sand S ) lacking in metals, a high-density residual fraction (Residue), and/or a heavy-material fraction (SG S ) is separated from the heavy shredder fraction (SSF), using at least one of the processes of metal separation, classification, and/or density separation; preferably at least two and in particular at least three of these fractions, and, especially advantageously, at least the last-mentioned fraction being obtained.  
     
     
         10 . The method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein, with the aid of classification, at least 60 wt. %, in particular at least 80 wt. % of the heavy-material fraction (SG S ) attains a diameter of >6 mm.  
     
     
         11 . The method as recited in one of claims  6  through  10 , wherein, in the main process (SR H ), the heavy-material fraction/s (SG L , SG S ) is/are broken down by a shredding unit (Z H 1) and separated by a density-separation device (D H 1) into the granulate fraction (Granulate H) and/or into an enriched fraction (NE H ) containing nonferrous metals.  
     
     
         12 . The method as recited in  claim 11 , wherein a discharge of the shredding unit (Z H 1) is selected to be <8 mm.  
     
     
         13 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the metal fractions (NE H , NE S ) are combined to form the common metal fraction (NE).  
     
     
         14 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein metal wires and strands are balled up in the crude-lint fraction.  
     
     
         15 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein dusts containing heavy metals are separated out.  
     
     
         16 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein balled-up metal wires and strands are separated out.  
     
     
         17 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the nonferrous-metal fraction (NE V ) produced during the separation in the refining process (V) is integrated into a sorting process of the nonferrous-metal fraction (NE) as a function of amount and composition.  
     
     
         18 . The method as recited in one of the preceding claims, wherein the lint fraction (Lint pure ) is pelletized or formed into briquettes.  
     
     
         19 . A system for sorting shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of vehicle bodies, the shredder residues including a light shredder fraction (SLF) and a non-ferromagnetic fraction (heavy shredder fraction (SSF)), wherein means are present, by which 
 (a) during the sorting of the light shredder fraction (SLF) and the heavy shredder fraction (SSF), a crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is produced in preliminary processes (Vor L , Vor S ) and a main process (SR H ) by extracting at least one ferromagnetic fraction (Fe/V2A), a fraction (NE) containing nonferrous metals, a granulate fraction (Granulate), and a sand fraction (Sand); and    (b) in a refining process (V), the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) is separated into a metal-containing dust fraction (NE dust ), a lint fraction (Lint pure ) lacking in metals, and a metallic fraction (NE V ), by the successive process steps of metal-balling, dust removal, and density separation.    
     
     
         20 . The system as recited in  claim 19 , wherein a magnetic separator is present for separating residual ferromagnetic fractions from the light shredder fraction (SLF).  
     
     
         21 . The system as recited in  claim 19  or  20 , wherein, in order to process the pretreated, light shredder fraction (SLF) in the preliminary process (Vor L ), the following are provided in succession: 
 a first shredding unit (Z L 1) for breaking down the light shredder fraction (SLF),  
 at least one magnetic separator (PM L 1) for separating at least one ferromagnetic fraction (Fe, V2A) from a non-ferromagnetic fraction (NF L ),  
 a second shredding unit (Z L 2) for breaking down the non-ferromagnetic fraction (NF L ),  
 at least one classifier (K L 1) for separating out a fine-grained sand fraction (Sand L ), and  
 at least one density-separation device (D L 1) for separating the remaining fraction into the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) and a coarse-grained, heavy-material fraction (SG L ).  
 
     
     
         22 . The system as recited in  claim 21 , wherein a suction device (ABL) is additionally provided for separating out a cellular-plastic fraction (PU).  
     
     
         23 . The system as recited in one of claims  19  through  22 , wherein, in order to process the heavy shredder fraction (SSF) in the preliminary process (Vor S ), a metal separator (MA S 1) and at least one classifier (K S 1) are provided for separating out at least one enriched fraction (NE S ) containing nonferrous metals, a heavy-material fraction (SG S ), and a fine-grained sand fraction (Sand S ) lacking in metals.  
     
     
         24 . The system as recited in one of claims  19  through  23 , wherein, in the main process (SR H ), the following are provided for processing the material streams from the initial processes (Vor L , Vor S ) 
 means for combining the heavy-material fractions (SG L , SG S ) into a common, heavy-material fraction (SG),  
 a shredding unit (Z H 1) for breaking down the heavy-material fraction (SG), and  
 a subsequent density-separation device (D H 1) for separating the granulate fraction (Granulate) and an enriched fraction (NE H ) containing nonferrous metals from the broken-down, heavy-material fraction (SG).  
 
     
     
         25 . The system as recited in one of claims  19  through  24 , wherein the means for treating the crude-lint fraction (Lint crude ) in the refining process (V) include at least an impact-disk mill (M V ), a suction device (AB V ), and a density-separation device (D V ).  
     
     
         26 . The system as recited in  claim 25 , wherein means are provided for feeding the nonferrous-metal fraction (NE V ), which is produced during the separation in the refining process (V), into a sorting process of the fraction (NE) containing nonferrous metals.  
     
     
         27 . Use of the method for separating plastics from shredder residues of metal-containing wastes, in particular of vehicle bodies, as recited in one of claims  1  through  18 , wherein a lint fraction (Lint pure ) lacking in dust and metals is separated for use as a raw material, or for energy, for example in clarifier-sludge incineration plants, cement factories, or blast furnaces.  
     
     
         28 . The use as recited in  claim 27 , wherein the lint fraction (Lint pure ) has at least the first two of the following characteristics: 
 a fuel value of >20 MJ/kg    a Cl content of <3.0 wt. %    a Zn content of <1.0 wt. %    a Cu content of <0.2 wt. %    a Pb content of <0.1 wt. %