Modular elements for formworks

Abstract

The invention is a new system of formworks for concrete casting, comprising various elements connected to one another for the construction of any building structure in concrete, such as foundations, plinths, reversed beams, straight and curved walls, pillars, floors, beams having the same thickness as the floor, short beams and cantilevers. These elements comprise a single-piece panel made of a plastic material (thermoformed polymers), practically smooth on one side and provided with edge ribs along the four sides on the other side, said ribs being provided with holes and/or slots for the connection with adjacent modular elements, said single-piece panel being also provided with ribs for connecting said edge ribs, as well as pins and centering cones, connection wedges, angle sections, load distribution crosses, trapezium-shaped supports, flat bars with plane connection elements, locking blocks, cross support, extractor.

I claim:  
     
         1 . Concrete formwork comprising modular elements consisting of panels (P) of plastic material, having a smooth concrete-facing surface (Pl) and an opposite surface provided with edge ribs (Pnb, Pnl), running along the four edges and having holes (Pf), and with intermediate transverse and/or longitudinal stiffening ribs (Pnl), further comprising connector elements for coupling said panels (P) to each other and/or to other elements, characterized in that said panels (P) are single-piece, thermoformed elements of a single material, e.g. polymer, or of two different materials, e,g, polyamide and polyethylene, and that also the connector elements are made of plastic material.  
     
     
         2 . Concrete formwork according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the panels (P) are thermoformed in a single operation through injection into a mould of two or more types of polymers and/or thermoformable synthetic materials.  
     
     
         3 . Concrete formwork according to claims  1  or  2 , wherein the edge ribs (Pnl) are provided with slots (Pfb) and/or depressions (Pfc) for the insertion of a form stripping lever.  
     
     
         4 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the ribs (Pnb, Pnl), on their whole length, have differentiated height and/or thickness.  
     
     
         5 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the transverse stiffening ribs (Pnl) are not positioned orthogonally with respect to the edge ribs (Pnb).  
     
     
         6 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the transverse stiffening ribs (Pnl) are arranged on curved and/or straight isostatic lines of force.  
     
     
         7 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the smooth concrete-facing surface (Pl) is processed in such a way as to produce grain of wood.  
     
     
         8 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that they panels comprise one or more wide protrusions, commonly referred to as “coffers”, to construct ribbed coffered ceilings.  
     
     
         9 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the panels (P) are provided with internal cavities (Ca) obtained through gas injection.  
     
     
         10 . Concrete formwork according to  claim 8 , wherein the cavities (Ca) are filled with foamed polymers.  
     
     
         11 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the panels (P) are provided with metal and/or fiber reinforcement cored (Am; Af).  
     
     
         12 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements are plane elements having a folded edge (L) to fit between two near but not adjacent panels (P).  
     
     
         13 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements are pins (U), centering cones (C), and wedges ( 1 ) for joining and aligning several panels (P), and wherein each pin (U) has a cylindrical body with rectangular slots (Uf), a wide and flat head (Ut) and a tapered part (Uv) between head and body, and wherein the inner diameter and external taper of the centering cones (C) are such as to permit their insertion into the pins (U) applied between two panels (P) and to allow the tapered part (Uv) to rest against the hole of an edge rib (Pnb, Pnl), and wherein the wedge ( 1 ) is a generically plane element in the shape of a trapezium, suitable for being inserted into said slots (Uf).  
     
     
         14 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements are angle sections (A) for the right-angled connection of panels (P), comprising a square section, preferably hollow standard (Arn), provided on two contiguous sides with pins (Ap) which are arranged orthogonally with respect to the standard side and which have a cylindrical body with rectangular slots and a tapered part between head and body.  
     
     
         15 . Concrete formwork according to  claim 14 , wherein the side of said standard (Am) is equal to the thickness of the panels (P),  
     
     
         16 . Concrete formwork according to claims  14  or  15 , wherein two superimposed standards (Am) are joined by means of a connector (Au) the section of which corresponds to the cavity of the hollow standard (Arn).  
     
     
         17 . Concrete formwork according to any of  claims 1  to  13 , wherein said connector elements are angle sections (V) for joining panels (P), comprising two strips (Vb) hinged to each other on their longer sides, each strip (Vb) being provided with pins (Vp) which are arranged orthogonally to the strip (Vb) and which have a cylindrical body with rectangular slots and a tapered part between head and body.  
     
     
         18 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a load distribution cross (Y) constituted by a cross-shaped body (Yc), ribs (Yn, Yp), a hole (Yf), a depression (Yr) and a housing (Ys).  
     
     
         19 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a linear element (T) with section in the shape of a trapezium or right-angled triangle, provided with holes (Tf) perpendicular to the length of the linear element M which is suitable for being coupled to an Identical corresponding element (T), so that both linear elements can be positioned between the panels (P) of one of the formwork sides.  
     
     
         20 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements are flat bars (B) having holes at regular intervals,  
     
     
         21 . Concrete formwork according to  claim 20 , wherein said connector elements further comprise a plane connection element (M) for said flat bars (B) with holes, said plane connection element (M) being constituted by two flat parts (Mp) connected by a transversal part (Mt), with dimensions and distances that allow the ends of two flat bars ( 13 ) with holes to be housed therein and fixed by means of pins.  
     
     
         22 . Concrete formwork according to  claim 21 , wherein said pins are constituted by a cylindrical body (H) with a rounded end and the other end provided with a flat head and a ring just below said flat head.  
     
     
         23 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a triple-purpose block (ZT) constituted by a parallelepiped-shaped element provided with a hook projection (ZTg) on one side and with through slots and/or holes (ZTf, ZTe) on the various sides, and wherein the hook projection (ZTg) is suitable for joining the triple-purpose block (ZT) with the ribs (Pnb) of the panels (P), and wherein the through slots and/or holes (ZTf, ZTe) present on the various sides are suitable for the insertion of bars (B) with holes and of pins (H) according to  claims 17  to  19 .  
     
     
         24 . Concrete formwork according to any of  claims 1  to  22 , wherein said connector elements comprise a sliding block (Zs) constituted by a parallelepiped-shaped element provided with a hook projection (ZSg) on one side and with through slots and/or holes (ZSf, ZSe) on the various sides, and wherein the hook projection (ZSg) is suitable for joining the sliding block (Zs) with the ribs (Pnb) of the panels (P), and wherein the through slots and/or holes (Zsf, Zse) present on the various sides are suitable for the insertion of bars (B) with holes and of pins (H) according to  claims 18  to  20 .  
     
     
         25 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a cross support (X) for floors, shelves, etc., suitable for being applied to the top of a metal prop and comprising a parallelepiped-shaped element (Xc) provided with two cuts (X) orthogonal to each other and suitable for housing the ribs (Pnl, Pnb) of one, two, three or four panels (P), with a cylindrical pin (Xb) in the lower surface and with holes (Xa) that permit the fastening to the plate of said prop by means of self-threading screws.  
     
     
         26 . Concrete formworks according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a right-angled positioning bracket (S) provided with a through hole (Sf) and suitable for being applied to said panels (P) by means of a pin (Sp) reaching beyond the holes present in the panel (P), in order to keep them perfectly orthogonal to each other and to counteract the thrusting force of concrete, as well as with holes (Sb) on the lateral edges which allow the positioning bracket (S) to be fixed to a support plane with rivets.  
     
     
         27 . Concrete formwork according to any of the preceding claims, wherein said connector elements comprise a base block (K) constituted by a parallelepiped-shaped element provided with a hook-shaped front head (Kt), through holes (Kf) for the fastening to a support surface by means of rivets and with depressions (Kr) in the lower part to facilitate the unriveting by means of levers.