Turbocharger for an internal combustion engine

Abstract

The invention concerns a turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, which is at least two-stage, wherein each respective stage of the turbocharger system is respectively a turbine and respectively a compressor, which via a common shaft are coupled with each other, wherein at least the exhaust gas side parts of the exhaust gas turbocharger are integrated in a common housing unit. The invention further concerns an internal combustion engine with such a compressor system.

1 . Turbocharger for an internal combustion engine, which is at least two-staged, wherein each respective stage ( 11 ,  12 ) of the compressor system ( 10 ) respectively comprises one turbine ( 13 ,  16 ) and respectively one compressor ( 14 ,  17 ), which are connected with each other via a common shaft ( 15 ,  18 ), wherein at least the exhaust gas parts ( 13 ,  16 ) of the exhaust gas turbocharger ( 10 ) are integrated into (a) a common housing unit ( 19 ,  191 ) or (b) two housing units which are connected with each other in space saving manner.  
     
     
         2 . Turbocharger according to  claim 1 , wherein at least said two turbines ( 13 ,  16 ) are integrated in a common housing ( 19 ).  
     
     
         3 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one high-pressure stage ( 11 ) and at least one low-pressure stage ( 12 ) are provided, wherein the low-pressure ( 12 ) is provided downstream and the high-pressure stage ( 11 ) is provided upstream with respect to the direction of flow of the exhaust gas.  
     
     
         4 . Turbocharger according to  claim 3 , wherein the high-pressure stage ( 11 ) includes at least one high-pressure turbine ( 13 ) in the flow of the exhaust gas and at least one high-pressure compressor ( 14 ) in the flow of the charge air, which are connected to each other via a first common shaft ( 15 ) provided between these two, and that the low-pressure stage ( 12 ) includes at least one low-pressure turbine ( 16 ) in the flow of the exhaust gas and at least one low-pressure compressor ( 17 ) provided in the flow of the charge air, which are coupled to each other via a second common shaft ( 18 ) provided between them.  
     
     
         5 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an exhaust outlet of the high-pressure turbine ( 13 ) is connected with an inlet of the low-pressure turbine ( 16 ) via a common channel within the common housing ( 19 ) without interposition of piping.  
     
     
         6 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the high-pressure stage ( 11 ) and the low-pressure stage ( 12 ) are integrated in a common housing ( 19 ′).  
     
     
         7 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one turbine ( 13 ,  16 ) of the turbocharger ( 10 ) is single volute.  
     
     
         8 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one turbine ( 13 ,  16 ), in particular the high-pressure turbine ( 13 ) is two or more volute.  
     
     
         9 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the common housing ( 19 ,  19 ′) is cast iron.  
     
     
         10 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a pipe connecting line ( 24 ) is provided, via which the charge air outlet of the low-pressure compressor ( 17 ) is connected with the charge air inlet of the high-pressure compressor ( 14 ), preferably via a flange.  
     
     
         11 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the diameter of the turbine wheel of the high-pressure turbine ( 13 ) is smaller than the diameter of the turbine wheel of the low-pressure turbine ( 16 ).  
     
     
         12 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the common housing ( 19 ,  19 ′) is comprised of at least first and second parts, wherein the first part houses the first turbine ( 13 ) and the second part houses the second turbine ( 16 ) and wherein the outlet of the first turbine ( 13 ) is directly connected with the inlet of the second turbine ( 16 ).  
     
     
         13 . Turbocharger according to  claim 12 , wherein the connection between the first part and the second part of the two turbines ( 13 ,  16 ) is via a flange.  
     
     
         14 . Turbocharger according to  claim 13 , wherein the connection is comprised of an elongated neck of the common housing unit ( 19 ,  19 ′).  
     
     
         15 . Turbocharger according to  claim 14 , wherein in the common housing unit ( 19 ,  19 ′), in particular in the elongated neck, at least one flap valve and/or slide valve is provided for controlling a bypass mass flow of the exhaust gas.  
     
     
         16 . Turbocharger according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the two turbines ( 13 ,  16 ) are provided connected to each other in compact manner.  
     
     
         17 . Internal combustion engine ( 1 ), with 
 an engine block, which includes at least one cylinder ( 2 ) and which includes at least one charge air inlet ( 7 ) and at least one exhaust gas outlet ( 8 ), and    a turbocharger ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, which includes at least two stages ( 11 ,  12 ).    
     
     
         18 . Internal combustion engine according to  claim 17 , wherein the charger ( 16 ) is a turbocharger ( 10 ).  
     
     
         19 . Internal combustion engine according to one of claims  17  or  18 , wherein the internal combustion engine ( 1 ) is an Otto-motor or a diesel engine.