Prosthesis cavity cutting guide, cutting tool and method

Abstract

A kit ( 10 ) for preparation of a bone cavity ( 12 ) in a bone ( 14 ) for implantation of a joint prosthesis ( 16 ) is provided. The kit ( 10 ) includes a guide ( 20 ) defining an opening ( 22 ) therethrough. The guide ( 20 ) is in cooperation with the prosthesis. The kit ( 10 ) also includes a rotatable tool ( 24 ) constrainable within the opening ( 22 ) of said guide ( 20 ). The tool ( 24 ) is adapted for removal of bone ( 14 ) to form the bone cavity ( 12 ).

What is claimed:  
     
         1 . A kit for preparation of a bone cavity in a bone for implantation of a joint prosthesis, said kit comprising: 
 a guide defining an opening therethrough, said guide being in cooperation with the prosthesis; and    a rotatable tool constrainable within the opening of said guide, said tool adapted for removal of bone to form the bone cavity.    
     
     
         2 . The kit of  claim 1:   wherein said guide defines a first surface thereof for cooperation with the bone and a second surface thereof, said second surface spaced from and parallel to said first surface; and    wherein said tool comprises a collar for cooperation with said second surface for assisting in positioning said tool.    
     
     
         3 . The kit of  claim 1 , wherein at least one of said tool and said guide is adapted to permit said tool to be oriented in a first direction with respect to said guide in a first portion of said opening and to be oriented in a second direction with respect to said guide in a second portion of said opening.  
     
     
         4 . The kit of  claim 1 , wherein the opening has a generally oval shape.  
     
     
         5 . The kit of  claim 1:   wherein said guide defines a first surface thereof for cooperation with the bone and a second surface thereof, said second surface spaced from and skewed with respect to said first surface; and    wherein said tool comprises a collar for cooperation with said second surface for assisting in positioning said tool.    
     
     
         6 . The kit of  claim 5:   further comprising a third surface spaced between said first surface and said second surface and skewed with respect to said first surface and said second surface; and wherein said collar cooperates with said second surface to assist in positioning said tool.    
     
     
         7 . The kit of  claim 1 , wherein said tool further comprises a generally spherical cutting tip.  
     
     
         8 . The kit of  claim 1 , wherein said guide further comprises a handle.  
     
     
         9 . The kit of  claim 1 , wherein said guide further comprises a positioning feature for cooperation with the bone.  
     
     
         10 . The kit of  claim 9:   wherein the positioning feature comprises a posterior hook; and    wherein the bone comprises the talus posterior cortex.    
     
     
         11 . The kit of  claim 9 , wherein the hook of said guide has a first position extending from the guide for cooperation with the talus posterior cortex and a second position retracted into said guide to prevent cooperation with the talus posterior cortex.  
     
     
         12 . A guide for guiding a rotatable tool for use in bone preparation of a bone cavity for implantation of a joint prosthesis, said guide adapted for cooperation with the prosthesis, said guide defining a opening therethrough, said guide adapted to constrain the tool within the opening of said guide, whereby the tool may be used for removal of bone to form the bone cavity.  
     
     
         13 . The guide of  claim 12:   wherein said guide defines a first surface thereof for cooperation with the bone and a second surface thereof, said second surface spaced from and parallel to said first surface; and    wherein said tool comprises a collar for cooperation with said second surface for assisting in positioning said tool.    
     
     
         14 . The guide of  claim 12  wherein said guide defines an opening therethrough, the opening adapted to constrain the tool therein.  
     
     
         15 . The guide of  claim 14 , wherein said guide is adapted to permit the tool to be oriented in a first direction with respect to said guide in a first portion of said opening and to be oriented in a second direction with respect to said guide in a second portion of said opening.  
     
     
         16 . The guide of  claim 14 , wherein the opening has a generally oval shape.  
     
     
         17 . The guide of  claim 12:   wherein said guide defines a first surface thereof for cooperation with the bone and a second surface thereof, said second surface spaced from and skewed with respect to said first surface.    
     
     
         18 . The guide of  claim 17:   further comprising a third surface spaced between said first surface and said second surface and skewed with respect to said first surface and said second surface.    
     
     
         19 . The guide of  claim 12 , wherein said guide further comprises a handle.  
     
     
         20 . The guide of  claim 12 , wherein said guide further comprises a posterior hook for cooperation with the talus posterior cortex.  
     
     
         21 . The guide of  claim 20 , wherein the hook of said guide has a first position extending from the guide for cooperation with the talus posterior cortex and a second position retracted into said guide to prevent cooperation with the talus posterior cortex.  
     
     
         22 . A burr tool for use with a guide in joint arthroplasty comprising: 
 a body;    a cutting edge extending from said body for cooperation with the guide for assisting in positioning said tool with respect to the guide; and    a stem extending from said body.    
     
     
         23 . The burr tool of  claim 22 , wherein said cutting edge comprises a generally spherical cutting edge.  
     
     
         24 . The burr tool of  claim 22 , further comprising a collar attached at least one of said body or said stem.  
     
     
         25 . A method for providing joint arthroplasty comprising: 
 resecting a portion of a bone with a tool to form a prosthetic mounting surface;    placing a burr guide defining a through opening therein onto the mounting surface of the bone;    traversing a rotatable burr tool having a collar longitudinally along the opening to form a slot in the mounting surface of the bone; and    inserting a prosthetic component into the slot.    
     
     
         26 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the traversing the burr tool step comprises traversing the burr tool firstly in a direction along the rotational axis of the tool, secondly in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the tool, and thirdly in a direction along the rotational axis of the tool.  
     
     
         27 . The method of  claim 25 , wherein the traversing the burr tool step comprises traversing the burr tool firstly in a direction along the rotational axis of the tool, secondly in a direction perpendicular to the rotational axis of the tool, and thirdly in a direction causing rotational axis of the tool to pivot about the collar of the burr tool.