Process for insulating and sealing essentially flat roofing and coating used in this process

Abstract

A process for insulating and sealing roofing comprises coating the substrate ( 2 ) with a liquid or viscous composition ( 3 ) that is based on modified bitumen or a bitumen/polyurethane mixture by covering rough spots ( 4 ) and by filling the hollows or emergent cavities ( 4 ′) that are present on the surface of the substrate ( 2 ), then applying the insulating layer ( 1 ) or individual elements that are intended to form the insulating layer ( 1 ) on the coated surface of the substrate ( 2 ) before the previously applied coating layer ( 3 ) solidifies, whereby the coating layer ( 3 ) forms, after drying or polymerization, a water-vapor barrier and an agent for adhesion of insulating layer ( 1 ) to the attachment substrate ( 2 ), and, finally, applying to insulating layer ( 1 ) a sealing coating ( 6 ).

1 . Process for insulating and sealing a roofing that forms an essentially flat substrate, such as a concrete terrace roofing, characterized in that it essentially consists of: 
 Coating said substrate ( 2 ) with a liquid or viscous composition ( 3 ) by covering rough spots ( 4 ) and by filling hollows or emergent cavities ( 4 ′) that are present on the surface of said substrate ( 2 ),    Applying said insulating layer ( 1 ) or individual elements that are intended to form said insulating layer ( 1 ) on the coated surface of said substrate ( 2 ) before the previously applied coating layer ( 3 ) solidifies, whereby said coating layer ( 3 ) forms, after drying or polymerization, a water-vapor barrier and an agent for adhesion of insulating layer ( 1 ) to said attachment substrate ( 2 ), and, finally,    Applying to insulating layer ( 1 ) a sealing coating ( 6 ) that comprises at least one layer of bituminous or synthetic or analogous membranes.    
     
     
         2 . Process according to  claim 1 , wherein composition ( 3 ) that forms a coating is selected from the group that is formed by the bituminous compositions that are based on a bitumen/thermoplastic elastomer mixture and the compositions that are based on a bitumen/polyurethane mixture.  
     
     
         3 . Process according to  claim 1 , wherein composition ( 3 ) that forms a coating is selected from the group that is formed by the mixtures that are based on a polyurethane prepolymer, with or without solvent, and the resin/hardener mixtures.  
     
     
         4 . Process according to any one of  claims 1  to  3 , wherein composition ( 3 ) that forms a coating has a viscosity at 20° C., between 50 and 300 poise, and preferably between 100 and 200 poise.  
     
     
         5 . Process according to any one of  claims 1  to  4 , wherein the coating is carried out by means of a brush, a roller, a spatula, a scraper or a similar tool and wherein the amount of liquid or viscous composition ( 3 ), continuously applied over the entire surface of the substrate, is at least adequate to obtain a smooth upper surface and to ensure an adhesion of insulating layer ( 1 ) to essentially its entire lower face.  
     
     
         6 . Liquid or viscous coating that is intended to be used within the scope of the insulating and sealing process according to any one of  claims 1  to  5 , wherein it consists of a preferably essentially liquid composition ( 3 ) that comprises, by weight: 
 0 to 30% of solvent,  
 0 to 60% of bitumen,  
 0 to 40% of liquefier(s),  
 0 to 40% of mineral and/or metal feedstock(s),  
 0 to 10% of additive(s) reinforcing the bonding properties,  
 0 to 50% of at least one structuring and adhesive component that is selected from the group that is formed by the thermoplastic elastomeric polymers, the polyurethane prepolymers and the resin/hardener mixtures.  
 
     
     
         7 . Coating according to  claim 6 , wherein it has a viscosity at 20° C., between 50 and 300 poise, preferably between 100 and 200 poise.  
     
     
         8 . Coating according to any one of claims  6  and  7 , wherein composition ( 3 ) consists of, by weight: 
 8 to 15% of solvent,  
 35 to 45% of bitumen,  
 0 to 20% of liquefier(s),  
 10 to 30% of mineral or metal feedstocks,  
 0 to 10% of additive(s) reinforcing the bonding properties,  
 0 to 25% of at least one structuring and adhesive component that is selected from the group that is formed by the thermoplastic elastomeric polymers, the polyurethane prepolymers and the resin/hardener mixtures.  
 
     
     
         9 . Coating according to any one of claims  6  and  7 , wherein composition ( 3 ) consists of a mixture that is based on reactive resin, preferably consisting of, by weight: 
 15 to 25% of solvent,  
 15 to 25% of liquefier(s),  
 15 to 35% of mineral and/or metal feedstocks,  
 0 to 5% of an additive that reinforces the bonding properties,  
 20 to 40% of a PUR prepolymer or a resin/hardener mixture.  
 
     
     
         10 . Coating according to any one of claims  6  and  7 , wherein composition ( 3 ) consists of a mixture without a solvent that is based on polyurethane prepolymer, preferably consisting of, by weight: 
 30 to 40% of liquefier,  
 15 to 30% of mineral and/or metal feedstock(s),  
 0 to 5% of an additive that reinforces the bonding properties,  
 30 to 50% of a polyurethane prepolymer.  
 
     
     
         11 . Coating according to any one of  claims 6  to  8 , wherein the bitumen is a direct distillation bitumen, for example of type 70/100, and wherein at least one said mineral or metal feedstock is selected from the group that is formed by slate powder, aluminum paste, aluminosilicates, chalk and mica.  
     
     
         12 . Coating according to  claim 11 , wherein the feedstock consists of laminating flakes of mica or aluminum.  
     
     
         13 . Coating according to any one of  claims 6  to  12 , wherein it consists of a monocomponent composition.  
     
     
         14 . Coating according to any one of  claims 6  to  9  and  11  to  13 , wherein it consists of a bicomponent composition of which a first component comprises in particular a polyol and of which the second component comprises in particular an isocyanate.  
     
     
         15 . Coating according to any one of  claims 6  to  9  and  11  to  13 , wherein it consists of a bicomponent composition, of which a first component comprises in particular an epoxy resin and of which the second component comprises in particular an amine hardener.  
     
     
         16 . Coating according to any one of  claims 6  to  15 , wherein it comprises an additional structuring feedstock in the form of short fibers ( 5 ), preferably fibers made of a polymer material.  
     
     
         17 . Composite insulating and sealing system for roofing that forms an essentially flat substrate, such as a concrete terrace roofing, obtained by means of the process according to any one of  claims 1  to  5 , wherein it has a stratified composite structure and consists of, starting from substrate ( 2 ), on the one hand, a dried or polymerized coating layer ( 3 ) that simultaneously forms a controlled passage water vapor barrier, a leveling coating and an agent for surface adhesion to substrate ( 2 ), and on the other hand, an insulating layer ( 1 ) that is attached by coating layer ( 3 ) to substrate ( 2 ), whereby said insulating layer ( 1 ) is preferably formed by the juxtaposition of individual elements in the form of strips or panels, and, finally, by a sealing coating ( 6 ) that comprises at least one layer of bituminous, synthetic or analogous membranes, whose adjacent edge zones advantageously at least partially overlap one another.