Method for deploying a transgenic refuge

Abstract

A method to protect corn against feeding damage by one or more pests includes the treatment of corn seed having a transgenic event that is targeted against at least one of the pests with a pesticide in an amount that is effective against the same or another of the one or more pests. Seeds having such protection are also disclosed, as well as a means for deploying a non-transgenic refuge crop into a field of transgenic crops.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method for deploying a non-transgenic refuge crop into a field of transgenic pest resistant crops comprising the steps of 
 a) blending transgenic pest resistant crop seeds with non-transgenic refuge crop seeds;    b) ensuring a uniform mixture of transgenic and non-transgenic crop seeds is provided; and    c) planting said mix in a field;    wherein said mixture consists at least of from about 100% to about 50% transgenic pest resistant crop seed.    
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1  wherein said pest resistant crop seed comprises a first pesticidal agent and said non-transgenic refuge crop seed is treated with a second pesticidal agent which is other than said first pesticidal agent.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1  wherein 
 a) said pest resistant crop seed comprises a first pesticidal agent, and  
 b) said pest resistant crop seed and said non-transgenic refuge crop seed are both treated with a second pesticidal agent which is other than said first pesticidal agent.  
 
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 2  wherein said first pesticidal agent is an insecticidal protein selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a  Bacillus sphearicus  insecticidal protein,  Bacillus laterosporous  insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, and a  Bacillus thuringiensis  insecticidal δ-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), 
 and wherein said  Bacillus thuringiensis  insecticidal δ-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein is selected from the group consisting of a Cry3Bb protein or insecticidal variant, a tlC851 protein, a CryET70 protein, a Cry22 protein, a binary insecticidal protein CryET33 and CryET34, a binary insecticidal protein CryET80 and CryET76, a binary insecticidal protein tlC100 and tlC101, and a binary insecticidal protein PS149B1.  
 
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 4  wherein said first pesticidal agent is a  Bacillus thuringiensis  Cry3Bb or insecticidal variant δ-endotoxin protein.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 2  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicide, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.  
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein the second pesticidal agent is an insecticide.  
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 7  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.  
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 8  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins including, 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof; synthetic pyrethroids including (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha (1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl) benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3, -tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl) benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane  2011  carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′RS)(1′,2′,2′,2′-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1 α, 3α(Z)]-(±)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl) methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cycloproanexarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,3S,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,I-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R; 1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901; oxadiazine derivatives including 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl) perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam; chloronicotinyl insecticides including acetamiprid ((E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine); nitroguanidine insecticides, pyrroles; pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4[[[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N [[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide); phenyl pyrazoles including fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R, S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile); diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2, (4-ethylbenzoyl) hydrazide); triazoles including amitrole and triazamate; biological/fermentation products including avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105); organophosphate insecticides including acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl , diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and carbamate insecticides including aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.  
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 3  wherein said first pesticidal agent is an insecticidal protein selected from the group consisting of a recombinant acyl lipid hydrolase protein, a  Bacillus sphearicus  insecticidal protein,  Bacillus laterosporous  insecticidal protein, a insecticidal protein derived from a Xenorhabdus bacteria species, a insecticidal protein derived from a Photorhabdus bacteria species, and a  Bacillus thuringiensis  insecticidal δ-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein (VIP), 
 and wherein said  Bacillus thuringiensis  insecticidal δ-endotoxin protein or vegetative insecticidal protein is selected from the group consisting of a Cry3Bb protein or insecticidal variant, a tlC851 protein, a CryET70 protein, a Cry22 protein, a binary insecticidal protein CryET33 and CryET34, a binary insecticidal protein CryET80 and CryET76, a binary insecticidal protein tlC100 and tlC101, and a binary insecticidal protein PS149B1.  
 
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 10  wherein said first pesticidal agent is a  Bacillus thuringiensis  Cry3Bb or insecticidal variant δ-endotoxin protein.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 11  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of insecticides, acaricides, nematicide, fungicides, bactericides, and herbicides.  
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein the second pesticidal agent is an insecticide.  
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 13  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins and synthetic pyrethroids, oxadizine derivatives, chloronicotinyls, nitroguanidine derivatives, triazoles, organophosphates, pyrrols, pyrazoles, phenyl pyrazoles, diacylhydrazines, biological/fermentation products, and carbamates.  
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 14  wherein the second pesticidal agent is selected from the group consisting of pyrethrins including, 2-allyl-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one ester of 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2methyl propenyl)-cyclopropane carboxylic acid, and/or (2-methyl-1-propenyl)-2-methoxy-4-oxo-3-(2 propenyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-yl ester and mixtures of cis and trans isomers thereof; synthetic pyrethroids including (s)-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 4-chloro alpha (1-methylethyl)benzeneacetate (fenvalerate), (S)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (S)-4-chloro-alpha-(1-methylethyl) benzeneacetate (esfenvalerate), (3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl(+)cis-trans-3-(2,2-dichoroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin), (±) alpha-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl(+)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropane carboxylate (cypermethrin), beta-cypermethrin, theta cypermethrin, S-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±) cis/trans 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl) 2,2 dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (zeta-cypermethrin), (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl (IR,3R)-3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylate (deltamethrin), alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl 2,2,3,3, -tetramethyl cyclopropoanecarboxylate (fenpropathrin), (RS)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(R)-2-[2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)anilino]-3-methylbutanoate (tau-fluvalinate), (2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-methylphenyl)-methyl-(1 alpha, 3 alpha)-(Z)-(±)-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (tefluthrin), (±)-cyano (3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl (±)-4-(difluoromethoxy)-alpha-(1-methyl ethyl) benzeneacetate (flucythrinate), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-[2-chloro-2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (flumethrin), cyano(4-fluoro-3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanedarboxylate (cyfluthrin), beta cyfluthrin, transfluthrin, (S)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(IR-cis)-2,2-dimethyl-3-[2-(2,2,2-trifluoro-trifluoromethyl-ethoxycarbonyl)vinyl]cyclopropane carboxylate (acrinathrin), (IR cis) S and (IS cis) R enantiomer isomer pair of alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-3-(2,2dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (alpha-cypermethrin), [IR,3S)3(1′RS)(1′,2′,2′,2′-tetrabromoethyl)]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropanecarboxylic acid (s)-alpha-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl ester (tralomethrin), cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl 2,2-dichloro-1-(4-ethoxyphenyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (cycloprothrin), [1α, 3α(Z)]-(±)-cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-cimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (cyhalothrin), [1 alpha (s), 3 alpha(z)]-cyano(3-phenoxyphenyl) methyl-3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylate (lambda cyhalothrin), (2-methyl [1,1′-biphenyl]-3-yl) methyl 3-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoro-1-propenyl)-2,2-dimethyl-cyclopropanecarboxylate (bifenthrin), 5-1-benzyl-3-furylmethyl-d-cis(1R,3S,E)2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-oxo,-2,2,4,5 tetrahydro thiophenylidenemethyl)cyclopropane carboxylate (kadethrin), [5-(phenyl methyl)-3-furanyl]-3-furanyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (resmethrin). (1R-trans)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]methyl 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methyl-1-propenyl)cyclopropanecarboxylate (bioresmethrin), 3,4,5,6-tetra hydro-phthalimidomethyl-(IRS)-cis-trans-chrysanthemate (tetramethrin), 3-phenoxybenzyl-d,l-cis,trans 2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylpropenyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (phenothrin), empenthrin, cyphenothrin, prallethrin, imiprothrin, (RS)-3-allyl-2-methyl-4-oxcyclopent-2-enyl-(1A,3R; 1R,3S)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl) cyclopropane carboxylate (allethrin), bioallethrin, and ZXI8901; oxadiazine derivatives including 5-(2-chloropyrid-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chlorothiazol-5-ylmethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 3-methyl-4-nitroimino-5-(1-oxido-3-pyridinomethyl) perhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, 5-(2-chloro-1-oxido-5-pyridiniomethyl)-3-methyl-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxidiazine, 3-methyl-5-(2-methylpyrid-5-ylmethyl)-4-nitroiminoperhydro-1,3,5-oxadiazine, and thiamethoxam; chloronicotinyl insecticides including acetamiprid ((E)-N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N′-cyano-N-methyleneimidamide), imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl) methol]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimime), and nitenpyram (N-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-ethyl-N′-methyl-2-nitro-1,1-ethenediamine); nitroguanidine insecticides, pyrroles; pyrazoles chlorfenapyr (4-bromo-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-ethoxymethyl-5-trifluoromethylpyrrole-3-carbonitrile), fenpyroximate ((E)-1,1-dimethylethyl-4([[[(1,3-dimethyl-5-phenoxy-1H-pyrazole-4-yl)methylene]amino]oxy]methyl]benzoate), and tebufenpyrad (4-chloro-N[[4-1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]methyl]-3-ethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-5-carboxamide); phenyl pyrazoles including fipronil (5-amino-[2,6-dichloro-4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4-[(1R, S)-(trifluoromethyl)sulfinyl]-1H-pyrazole-3-carbonitrile); diacylhydrazines including halofenozide (4-chlorobenzoate-2-benzoyl-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide), methoxyfenozide (RH-2485, N-tert-butyl-N′-(3-methoxy-o-toluoyl)-3,5-xylohydrazide), and tebufenozide (3,5-dimethylbenzoic acid 1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-2, (4-ethylbenzoyl) hydrazide); triazoles including amitrole and triazamate; biological/fermentation products including avermectin (abamectin) and spinosad (XDE-105); organophosphate insecticides including acephate, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-methyl , diazinon, fenamiphos, and malathion; and carbamate insecticides including aldicarb, carbaryl, carbofuran, oxamyl, and thiodicarb.