Method and device for the dry separation of unsorted garbage that contains packaging waste

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the dry separation of unsorted garbage that contains packaging waste consisting of plastic materials of various polymer groupings that includes the following steps: separation of the materials on the basis of differences in size; separation of the materials on the basis of differences in grain shape, grain size and/or specific weight; separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their magnetic properties; separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their electric properties; and separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their spectroscopic properties. Every separation step is carried out at least once and the separation of components of the unsorted garbage results in a remaining material throughput that contains non-recyclable residual waste and plastic articles from which the plastic articles are collectively removed in the form of a mixed plastic fraction and said mixed plastic fraction is selectively separated into essentially polymer-specific fractions using polymer-specific separation methods. The invention also relates to a device for the implementation of the inventive method.

1 . Method for the dry separation of unsorted garbage that contains packaging waste consisting of plastic materials of various polymer groupings, including the following steps of: 
 separating the materials on the basis of differences in size;    separating the materials on the basis of differences in grain shape, grain size and/or specific weight;    separating the materials on the basis of differences in their magnetic properties;    separating the materials on the basis of differences in their electric properties; and    separating the materials on the basis of differences in their spectroscopic properties,    whereby every separation step is carried out at least once, characterized by the fact that    the segregation of the unsorted waste components leads to the formation of a remaining material throughput which is a mixture that contains non-recyclable residual waste components and plastic articles from which the plastic articles are collectively separated in the form of a mixed plastic fraction, and    said mixed plastic fraction is selectively separated into essentially polymer-specific fractions using polymer-specific separation methods.    
     
     
         2 . Method according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that large surface films are separated prior to the segregation of the mixed plastic fraction using screening and/or air separation.  
     
     
         3 . Method according to  claim 1  or  2 , characterized by the fact that the plastic articles are collectively separated from the residual waste using a NIR spectroscopy process.  
     
     
         4 . Method according to one of the above claims, characterized by the fact that the polymer-specific separation of the mixed plastic fraction occurs using NIR spectroscopy.  
     
     
         5 . Method according to one of the above claims, characterized by the fact that film components are removed from the collectively separated mixed plastic fraction.  
     
     
         6 . Method according to one of the above claims, characterized by the fact that the essentially polymer-specific fractions are each separately collected in individual buffer bins.  
     
     
         7 . Method according to  claim 6 , characterized by the fact that the buffer bins are alternately individually emptied and led to an additional control of the polymer-specific content.  
     
     
         8 . Method according to  claim 7 , characterized by the fact that the additional control is a manual re-sorting process.  
     
     
         9 . Device for the dry separation of unsorted garbage that contains packaging waste that contains plastic materials, in particular for the implementation of the method in accordance with one of the above claims, comprising: 
 at least one screen ( 12 ,  14 ,  16 ) for the separation of the materials according to the differences in size;    at least one air separator ( 20 ) for the separation of the materials on the basis of differences in grain shape, grain size and/or specific weight;    at least one magnetic separator ( 30 ) for the separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their magnetic properties;    at least one eddy current separator ( 42 ) for the separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their electric properties; and    at least one installation ( 40 ,  64 ) for the separation of the materials on the basis of differences in their spectroscopic properties, characterized by the fact that    by using screens ( 12 ,  14 ,  16 ), air separator(s) ( 20 ), magnetic separator(s) ( 30 ), eddy current separator(s) ( 42 ) and the installations ( 40 , 64 ) a mixture results that contains non-recyclable residual waste and plastic articles and by the fact that further downstream a sorting installation ( 50 ) is fitted which collectively extracts the mixed plastic fraction from the mixture and supplies it to a module ( 60 ) where the mixed plastic fraction is sorted into polymer groupings whereby the module ( 60 ) is fitted with at least one separation installation ( 64 ) that uses near infrared spectroscopy which selectively sorts the mixed plastic fraction into essentially type-specific polymer groupings.    
     
     
         10 . Device according to  claim 9 , characterized by the fact that the sorting installation ( 50 ) uses a NIR spectroscopic process for the separation.  
     
     
         11 . Device according to  claim 9  or  10 , characterized by the fact that the separation installation ( 64 ) is series-connected to an air separator ( 62 ) or to a suction charged inclined conveyer belt leading the heavy fraction to the separation installation ( 64 ).  
     
     
         12 . Device according to  claim 9  to  11 , characterized by the fact that for every polymer grouping the separation installation ( 64 ) is connected downstream to a buffer ( 66 ).