Polyurethane fibers and films

Abstract

This invention provides processes for preparing fiber or film comprising a polyurethane and layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, said layers being dispersed in said Polyurethane. Fiber and film produced by the processes of the present invention exhibit reduced tack and an increased ability to affix at least one dye.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A fiber, comprising: a wet- or dry-spun product which comprises a polyurethane and layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, said layers being dispersed in said polyurethane.  
     
     
         2 . The fiber of  claim 1  further comprising a dye.  
     
     
         3 . The fiber of  claim 2  wherein the dye is selected from the group consisting of: acid dye, premetallized dye, cationic dye, direct dye, disperse dye, and reactive dye.  
     
     
         4 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the fiber is uncolored.  
     
     
         5 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the polyurethane comprises 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.  
     
     
         6 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the lamellar clay is at least one selected from the group consisting of: smectite clays comprising montmorillonite, saponite, beidellite, nontronite, hectorite, stevensite, bentonite; and swellable mica.  
     
     
         7 . The fiber of  claim 6  wherein the lamellar clay has a cation exchange capacity of about 50 to about 200 meq/100 g.  
     
     
         8 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the lamellar clay is modified to provide an interlayer distance of said layers of at least 17 Å.  
     
     
         9 . The fiber of  claim 8  wherein the lamellar clay is modified with an organic onium ion.  
     
     
         10 . The fiber of  claim 9  wherein the organic onium ion is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, a tertiary ammonium ion, a quaternary ammonium ion, a pyridinium ion, an imidazolinium ion, a phosphonium ion and a sulphonium ion.  
     
     
         11 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the layers are individual layers or are groups numbering less than five layers on average.  
     
     
         12 . The fiber of  claim 1  wherein the modified clay and the polyurethane are mixed in a ratio of about 0.1 to about 12 parts by weight for the clay to about 88 to about 99.9 parts by weight for the polyurethane.  
     
     
         13 . A process for preparing a fiber comprising a wet- or dry-spun product which comprises a polyurethane and layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, said layers being dispersed in said polyurethane, the process comprising the steps of; 
 (a) contacting a solution comprising a polyurethane and an aprotic polar solvent with a lamellar clay, or with a dispersion of said lamellar clay in the aprotic polar solvent, to form a polyurethane/clay dispersion;    (b) agitating the polyurethane/clay dispersion sufficient to delaminate all or a portion of said layers from the lamellar clay and from each other; and    (c) wet- or dry-spinning the polyurethane/clay dispersion to form a fiber.    
     
     
         14 . The process of  claim 13  further comprising contacting the fiber with a dye.  
     
     
         15 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the polyurethane comprises 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.  
     
     
         16 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the aprotic polar solvent is dimethylacetamide.  
     
     
         17 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the lamellar clay and the polyurethane are mixed in a ratio of about 0.1 to about 12 parts by weight for the lamellar clay to about 88 to about 99.9 parts by weight for the polyurethane.  
     
     
         18 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the dye is an acidic, cationic, direct, disperse, reactive or pre-metallized dye.  
     
     
         19 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the lamellar clay is at least one selected from the group consisting of: smectite clays comprising montmorillonite, saponite, beidellite, nontronite, hectorite, stevensite, bentonite; and swellable mica.  
     
     
         20 . The process of  claim 19  wherein the lamellar clay has a cation exchange capacity of about 50 to about 200 meq/100 g.  
     
     
         21 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the lamellar clay is modified to provide an interlayer distance of said layers of at least 17 Å.  
     
     
         22 . The process of  claim 21  wherein the lamellar clay is modified with an organic onium ion.  
     
     
         23 . The process of  claim 22  wherein the organic onium ion is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, a tertiary ammonium ion, a quaternary ammonium ion, a pyridinium ion, an imidazolinium ion, a phosphonium ion and a sulphonium ion.  
     
     
         24 . The process of  claim 13  wherein the layers are individual layers or are groups numbering less than five layers on average.  
     
     
         25 . A process for preparing a dyed fiber comprising a wet- or dry-spun product which comprises a polyurethane, layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, and a dye, said layers and said dye being dispersed in said polyurethane, the process comprising the steps of: 
 (a) contacting a clay dispersion comprising a lamellar clay and a solvent with a dye solution or a dye dispersion comprising an organic dye to form a first dye/clay dispersion;    (b) recovering a dyed clay from the first dye/clay dispersion;    (c) contacting a solution comprising a polyurethane and an aprotic polar solvent with a second dye/clay dispersion comprising the dyed clay and the aprotic polar solvent to form a dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion;    (d) agitating the dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion sufficient to delaminate all or a portion of said layers from the lamellar clay and from each other; and    (e) wet- or dry-spinning the dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion to form a dyed fiber.    
     
     
         26 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the polyurethane comprises 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.  
     
     
         27 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the lamellar clay and the polyurethane are combined in a ratio of about 0.1 to about 12 parts by weight for the lamellar clay to about 88 to about 99.9 parts by weight for the polyurethane.  
     
     
         28 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the aprotic polar solvent is dimethylacetamide.  
     
     
         29 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the dye is a water-soluble acidic or cationic dye.  
     
     
         30 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the lamellar clay is at least one selected from the group consisting of: smectite clays comprising montmorillonite, saponite, beidellite, nontronite, hectorite, stevensite, bentonite; and swellable mica.  
     
     
         31 . The process of  claim 30  wherein the lamellar clay has a cation exchange capacity of about 50 to about 200 meq/100 g.  
     
     
         32 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the lamellar clay is modified to provide an interlayer distance of said layers of at least 17 Å.  
     
     
         33 . The process of  claim 32  wherein the dye solution further comprises an organic onium ion.  
     
     
         34 . The process of  claim 33  wherein the organic onium ion is at least one selected from the group consisting of: a primary ammonium ion, a secondary ammonium ion, a tertiary ammonium ion, a quaternary ammonium ion, a pyridinium ion, an imidazolinium ion, a phosphonium ion and a sulphonium ion,  
     
     
         35 . The process of  claim 25  wherein the layers delaminated from the lamellar clay are dispersed as individual layers or as groups of less than five layers on average within the dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion.  
     
     
         36 . The process of  claim 25  further comprising contacting the fiber with a second dye.  
     
     
         37 . A film, comprising: a cast and dried product which comprises a polyurethane and layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, said layers being dispersed in said polyurethane.  
     
     
         38 . The film of  claim 37  further comprising a dye.  
     
     
         39 . The film of  claim 37  wherein the polyurethane comprises 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.  
     
     
         40 . The film of  claim 37  wherein the lamellar clay is modified with an organic onium ion.  
     
     
         41 . A process for preparing a film comprising a polyurethane and layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, said layers being dispersed in said polyurethane, the process comprising the steps of: 
 (a) contacting a solution comprising a polyurethane and an aprotic polar solvent with a lamellar clay, or with a dispersion of said lamellar clay in the aprotic polar solvent, to form a polyurethane/clay dispersion;    (b) agitating the polyurethane/clay dispersion sufficient to delaminate all or a portion of said layers from the lamellar clay and from each other; and    (c) solution casting and drying the polyurethane/clay dispersion to form a film.    
     
     
         42 . The process of  claim 41  wherein the polyurethane comprises 85% by weight of a segmented polyurethane.  
     
     
         43 . The process of  claim 41  wherein the aprotic polar solvent is dimethylacetamide.  
     
     
         44 . The process of  claim 41  further comprising contacting the film with a dye.  
     
     
         45 . The process of  claim 41  wherein the lamellar clay is modified with an organic onium ion.  
     
     
         46 . A process for preparing a dyed film comprising a polyurethane, layers delaminated from a lamellar clay, and a dye, said layers and said dye being dispersed in said polyurethane, the process comprising the steps of: 
 (a) contacting a clay dispersion comprising a lamellar clay and a solvent with a dye solution or a dye dispersion comprising an organic dye to form a first dye/clay dispersion;    (b) recovering a dyed clay from the first dye/clay dispersion;    (c) contacting a solution comprising a polyurethane and an aprotic polar solvent with a second dye/clay dispersion comprising the dyed clay and the aprotic polar solvent to form a dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion;    (d) agitating the dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion sufficient to delaminate all or a portion of said layers from the lamellar clay and from each other; and    (e) solution casting and drying the dye/clay/polyurethane dispersion to form a dyed film.    
     
     
         47 . A method of reducing tack in a polyurethaneurea fiber or film, comprising: dispersing a lamellar clay into a polyurethaneurea solution comprising a polyurethaneurea to form a polyurethaneurea/clay dispersion; agitating the polyurethaneurea/clay dispersion to delaminate all or a portion of the layers from the lamellar clay and from each other; and forming the polyurethaneurea/clay dispersion into a fiber or film having reduced tack.