Composite, method for producing a product from a composite, and method for producing a shaped body from a composite

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite for producing shaped bodies, which comprises at least one binding agent, at least one filler and at least one reinforcing agent. The invention is characterized in that the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent are comminuted bast fiber plants and/or whole bast fiber plants. The invention also relates to a method for producing a product, especially a granulate, from a composite, which involves the following method steps: coating an extruder with at least on binding agent and bast fiber plants and/or comminuted bast fiber plants; melting at least one binding agent; extruding the material; granulating the extruded material, and; solidifying the material after cooling. The invention additionally relates to a method for producing a shaped body from a composite, which involves the following method steps: feeding a granulate made of the composite into an injection molding machine; melting the granulate; injecting the molten material, especially under pressure, and; solidifying the composite in the mold by cooling. The invention relates to another method for producing a shaped body from a composite, which is characterized by the following steps: feeding a mixture consisting of at least one binding agent and of bast fiber plants and/or of comminuted bast fiber plants, especially in their natural composition, into an extruding machine or into a strand depositing device, and; extruding or strand-depositing the mixture, whereby the mixture is at least partially melted.

1 . A composite for producing shaped bodies, comprising at least one binding agent, at least one filler and at least one reinforcing agent, characterized in that the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent are comminuted bast fiber plants and/or whole bast fiber plants.  
     
     
         2 . The composite according to  claim 1 , characterized in that the comminuted bast fiber plants and/or the whole bast fiber plants are present in the natural composition of the plant components.  
     
     
         3 . The composite according to  claim 1  and/or  2 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are dried.  
     
     
         4 . The composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  3 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are hemp, flax, jute, kenaf, stinging nettles and/or toad flax.  
     
     
         5 . The composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  4 , characterized in that the binding agent comprises synthetic and/or native monomers and/or polymers.  
     
     
         6 . The composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  5 , characterized in that the at least one filler and the at least one reinforcing agent, in particular in the natural form, are essentially combined.  
     
     
         7 . The composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  6 , characterized in that the composite additionally contains at least one expanding agent.  
     
     
         8 . The composite according to  claim 7 , characterized in that the effect of the expanding agent is chemical and/or physical.  
     
     
         9 . The composite according to  claim 7  and/or  8 , characterized in that the at least one filler and/or the at least one reinforcing agent functions as carrier for at least one expanding agent.  
     
     
         10 . The composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  9 , characterized in that the composite can be produced with the aid of extrusion, injection-molding and/or strand-depositing.  
     
     
         11 . A method for producing a product, in particular a granulate, from a composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  10 , characterized by at least the following steps: 
 coating of an extruder with at least one binding agent and bast fiber plants and/or comminuted bast fiber plants;  
 melting of at least one binding agent;  
 extruding of the material;  
 granulating of the extruded material; and  
 solidification of the material through cooling.  
 
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 11 , characterized in that the material can be granulated before as well as after the solidification of the composite.  
     
     
         13 . A method for producing a shaped body from a composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  10 , characterized by at least the following steps: 
 feeding a granulate of the composite material into an injection-molding machine;  
 melting of the granulate;  
 injection-molding of the melted material, in particular under high pressure; and  
 solidification of the composite inside the mold through cooling.  
 
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 13 , characterized in that the granulate is produced according to one or both of the claims  11  and  12 .  
     
     
         15 . The method according to one or both of the claims  11  or  12 , characterized in that during the process of adding the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants or thereafter, these are stirred and/or mixed into the melted binding agent.  
     
     
         16 . The method according to one or several of the claims  11 ,  12  and  15 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are added prior to the melting of the at least one binding agent.  
     
     
         17 . The method according to one or several of the claims  11 ,  12 ,  15  and  16 , characterized in that the comminuted bast fiber plants are comminuted so as to result in sections measuring from 0.1 to 150 mm and in particular from 2 to 50 mm.  
     
     
         18 . The method according to one or several of the claims  11 ,  12 ,  15  to  17 , characterized in that the mixture consisting of the at least one binding agent and the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants is heated up, such that at least one expanding agent is triggered to expand.  
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 18 , characterized in that the temperature is 100° C. or higher and that the expanding agent is water, which is present in the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants and/or in an additional filler and/or an additional reinforcing agent, or which is added.  
     
     
         20 . The method according to one or several of the claims  11 ,  12 ,  15  to  19 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are dried before being added to the binding agent.  
     
     
         21 . The method according to one or several of the claims  11 ,  12 ,  15  to  20 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are enriched with water and/or at least one other expanding agent prior to being added to the binding agent.  
     
     
         22 . The method for producing a shaped body from a composite according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  10 , characterized by the following steps: 
 supplying a mixture, consisting of at least one binding agent and bast fiber plants and/or comminuted bast fiber plants, in particular in their natural composition, to an extruder or a strand-depositing device; and  
 extruding or strand-depositing the mixture, wherein the mixture is at least partially melted.  
 
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 22 , characterized in that the mixture is heated up enough, so that at least one expanding agent is triggered to expand.  
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 23 , characterized in that the temperature is 100° C. or higher and that the expanding agent is water, which is present in the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants and/or in an additional filler and/or an additional reinforcing agent, or which is added.  
     
     
         25 . The method according to one or several of the  claims 22  to  24 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are dried before being mixed with the at least one binding agent.  
     
     
         26 . The method according to one or several of the  claims 22  to  25 , characterized in that the bast fiber plants and/or the comminuted bast fiber plants are enriched with water and/or at least one additional expanding agent before being mixed with the binding agent.  
     
     
         27 . The shaped body, at least partially consisting of a composite, according to one or several of the  claims 1  to  10  and/or produced according to a method as defined in one or several of the claims  13  and/or  14  and/or according to one or several of the  claims 15  to  27 .