Method of producing a high gloss coating on a printed surface

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a method for producing a high gloss coating on a printed surface. In the present method, an aqueous coating composition is deposited onto a surface to be printed using a blanket roller coating face which is a low energy, non-stick, smooth surface profile. In the present method, simultaneous with the deposition of aqueous coating onto a substrate, or shortly thereafter, pressure either alone or in combination with heat may be applied to the coating in order to create a substantially tack-free surface conforming to the surface of the coating face. By using a highly polished coating face, high gloss coatings may be readily obtained using this methodology in a number of traditional printing techniques including wet trap inline sheet-fed printing, heat-set offset printing, dry trap inline flexographic printing, offset web-fed printing and gravure printing. Coatings which are produced utilizing the present invention have high gloss values heretofore unobtainable using aqueous coating compositions.

1 . A method of depositing a coating composition onto an inked or ink-free substrate surface in a printing method comprising the steps of: 
 1). Applying a coating composition onto a low energy, smooth, non-stick coating face surface of a blanket or coating cylinder in a printing process in an amount effective to coat an inked or ink-free substrate, said coating composition being sufficiently wettable to spread evenly over said coating face surface; and    2). Transferring said coating composition from said coating face onto an inked or ink-free substrate surface, said coating being deposited onto said substrate surface under an amount of pressure and temperature and for a period of time effective to produce a substantially tack-free coating at the interface of said coating face surface and said substrate surface, said coating conforming substantially to said coating face surface, said coating face surface having sufficient release characteristics to allow said coating to be completely transferred from said coating face surface to said substrate to produce a coating film, said coating film on said substrate exhibiting a high gloss finish.    
     
     
         2 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating face surface has a surface energy of about 31 dynes/cm 2  or less.  
     
     
         3 . The method according to  claim 2  wherein said substrate has a surface energy of greater than about 31 dynes/cm 2 .  
     
     
         4 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating face surface is a coating blanket surface comprising a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, natural and synthetic rubber, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, polysilicone acrylate, metallized plastics, fluoropolymers and polyvinyl alkoxy polymer.  
     
     
         5 . The method according to  claim 4  wherein said fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluorine, perfluoroalkoxy and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         6 . The method according to  claim 4  wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone acrylate, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, metallized plastics and polyvinyl alkoxy polymer.  
     
     
         7 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein said material has been conditioned with a release agent to lower the surface energy value.  
     
     
         8 . The method according to  claim 6  wherein said polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.  
     
     
         9 . The method according to  claim 4  wherein said metallized plastic is metallized polyethylene terephthalate having a nickel alloy metal surface.  
     
     
         10 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating face surface is a reflective surface exhibiting a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 7 microns.  
     
     
         11 . The method according to  claim 10  wherein said coating face surface exhibits a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 4 microns.  
     
     
         12 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating composition is an aqueous coating composition comprising: 
 a) an amount of at least one film-forming polymer ranging from about 15% to about 90% by weight of said composition, said film-forming polymer comprising a high molecular weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 1100%o by weight of said film-forming polymer and a low molecular weight weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 100% by weight of said film-forming polymer with the proviso that the amount of high molecular weight film-forming polymer and low molecular weight film-forming polymer is at least 15% by weight of said film-forming polymer;  
 b) an amount of an emulsifier or surfactant ranging from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight of said composition; and  
 c) an amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent ranging from about 10% to about 85% by weight of said composition.  
 
     
     
         13 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said high molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer and said low molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer.  
     
     
         14 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said film-forming polymer is a hydrophilic or water-dispersible resin or polymer.  
     
     
         15 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said film-forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(alkyl methacrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate), polystyrene, polyester, nylons, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyepoxies, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylene, polyvinyl, polyvinylpyrrolidones and mixtures, thereof.  
     
     
         16 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said film-forming polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ar-ethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, a,ar-dimethylstyrene, ar-t-butylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,5-dichlorostyrene, vinylnapthalene, alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid and acrylic acid and alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.  
     
     
         17 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said polymer is a styrene(meth)acrylate copolymer.  
     
     
         18 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methylethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-butyl acetate, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, amyl acetate, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, cellosolve acetate, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         19 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said solvet comprises no more than about 15% by weight of a VOC.  
     
     
         20 . The method according to  claim 12  wherein said composition further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of mar resistant agents, hardening agents, coalescing agents, plasticizer agents, defoaming agents, release agents and pigments.  
     
     
         21 . The method according to  claim 20  wherein said pigment is included in said composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.  
     
     
         22 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and optionally, an effective amount of an initiator, and said transferring step occurs in the presence of UV light, heat or electron beam energy effective to polymerize said coating composition simultaneously with said transferring step or after said transferring step.  
     
     
         23 . The method according to  claim 22  wherrein said coating composition further comprises an effective amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent.  
     
     
         24 . The method according to  claim 22  wherein said coating composition further comprises at least one component selected from the group consisting of mar resistant agents, hardening agents, coalescing agents, plasticizer agents, defoaming agents, release agents and pigments.  
     
     
         25 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating film on said substrate exhibits a high gloss finish of at least about 50° reflection.  
     
     
         26 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating film on said substrate exhibits a high gloss finish of at least about 70° reflection.  
     
     
         27 . The method according to  claim 1  wherein said coating film on said substrate exhibits a high gloss finish of at least about 90° reflection.  
     
     
         28 . The method according to  claim 22  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acryalte monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         29 . A method of depositing a coating composition onto a first coated surface in a printing method, said first coated surface being inked or ink-free, said method comprising the steps of: 
 1). applying a first coating composition onto a substrate to provide a first coating;    2). applying a second coating composition onto a low energy, smooth, non-stick coating face surface of a blanket or coating cylinder in an amount effective to coat said first coating, said coating composition being sufficiently wettable to spread evenly over said coating face surface; and    2). Transferring said second coating composition from said coating face onto said first coating on said substrate surface, said second coating composition being deposited onto said first coating on said substrate surface under an amount of pressure and temperature and for a period of time effective to produce a substantially tack-free second coating at the interface of said coating face surface and said substrate surface from said second coating composition, said second coating conforming to said coating face surface, said coating face surface having sufficient release characteristics to allow said second coating to be completely transferred from said coating face surface to said substrate to produce a coating film from said coating, said coating film on said substrate exhibiting a high gloss finish of at least about 50° reflection.    
     
     
         30 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first coating is a dried coating.  
     
     
         31 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first coating is a wet coating.  
     
     
         32 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said coating face surface has a surface energy of less than about 31 dynes/cm 2 .  
     
     
         33 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said substrate has a surface energy of greater than about 31 dynes/cm 2 .  
     
     
         34 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said coating face surface is a coating blanket surface comprising a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, natural and synthetic rubber, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, polysilicone acrylate, metallized plastics, fluoropolymers and polyvinyl alkoxy polmer.  
     
     
         35 . The method according to  claim 34  wherein said fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluorine, perfluoroalkoxy, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         36 . The method according to  claim 34  wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone acrylate, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, metallized plastics and polyvinyl alkoxy polymer.  
     
     
         37 . The method according to  claim 34  wherein said material has been conditioned with a release agent.  
     
     
         38 . The method according to  claim 34  wherein said polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.  
     
     
         39 . The method according to  claim 34  wherein said metallized plastic is metallized polyethylene terephthalate having an alloy metal surface.  
     
     
         40 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said coating face surface exhibits a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 7 microns.  
     
     
         41 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said coating face surface exhibits a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 2 microns.  
     
     
         42 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first or second coating composition is an aqueous coating composition comprising: 
 a) an amount of at least one film-forming polymer ranging from about 15% to about 90% by weight of said composition, said film-forming polymer comprising a high molecular weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 100% by weight of said film-forming polymer and a low molecular weight weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 100% by weight of said film-forming polymer with the proviso that the amount of high molecular weight film-forming polymer and low molecular weight film-forming polymer is at least 15% by weight of said film-forming polymer;  
 b) an amount of an emulsifier or surfactant ranging from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight of said composition; and  
 c) an amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent ranging from about 10% to about 85% by weight of said composition.  
 
     
     
         43 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said high molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer and said low molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer.  
     
     
         44 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said film-forming polymer is a hydrophilic or water-dispersible resin or polymer.  
     
     
         45 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said film-forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(alkyl methacrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate), polystyrene, polyester, nylons, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyepoxies, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylene, polyvinyl, polyvinylpyrrolidones and mixtures, thereof.  
     
     
         46 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said film-forming polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ar-ethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, a,ar-dimethylstyrene, ar-t-butylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,5-dichlorostyrene, vinylnapthalene, alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid and acrylic acid and alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.  
     
     
         47 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said polymer is a styrene(meth)acrylate copolymer.  
     
     
         48 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methylethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-butyl acetate, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, amyl acetate, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, cellosolve acetate, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         49 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said solvet comprises no more than about 15% by weight of a VOC.  
     
     
         50 . The method according to  claim 42  wherein said composition further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of mar resistant agents, hardening agents, coalescing agents, plasticizer agents, defoaming agents, release agents and pigments.  
     
     
         51 . The method according to  claim 50  wherein said pigment is included in said composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.  
     
     
         52 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first or second coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         53 . The method according to  claim 52  wherein said coating comprising said monomers, oligomers or polymers further comprises an effective amount of an initiator.  
     
     
         54 . The method according to  claim 53  wherein said coating composition further comprises an effective amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent.  
     
     
         55 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         56 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said second coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         57 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said first and said second coating compositions comprise UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         58 . The method according to  claim 53  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acryalte monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (meth)acrylates, vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         59 . The method according to  claim 55  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acryalte monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         60 . The method accoding to  claim 56  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acryalte monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         61 . The method accoding to  claim 57  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acrylate monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         62 . The method according to  claim 29  wherein said second coating composition is an aqueous coating composition which is free of polymerizable monomers.  
     
     
         63 . A method of depositing a coating composition onto a substrate in a printing method, said method comprising the steps of: 
 1). applying a first coating composition onto a low energy, smooth, non-stick coating face surface of a blanket or coating cylinder, said coating composition being sufficiently wettable to spread evenly over said coating face surface;    2). Transferring said first coating composition from said coating face onto the surface of said substrate, said first coating composition being deposited onto said substrate under an amount of pressure and temperature and for a period of time effective to produce a substantially tack-free first coating at the interface of said coating face surface and said substrate surface from said first coating composition, said first coating conforming to said coating face surface, said coating face surface having sufficient release characteristics to allow said first coating to be completely transferred from said coating face surface to said substrate to produce a first coating film from said first coating, said first coating film on said substrate exhibiting a high gloss finish of at least about 50° reflection; and    2). applying a second coating composition onto said first coating    
     
     
         64 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said first coating is a wet coating.  
     
     
         65 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said coating face surface has a surface energy of less than about 31 dynes/cm 2 .  
     
     
         66 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said substrate has a surface energy of greater than about 31 dynes/cm 2 .  
     
     
         67 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said coating face surface is a coating blanket surface comprising a material selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, natural or synthetic rubber, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, polysilicone acrylate, metallized plastics, fluoropolymers and polyvinyl alkoxy polmer.  
     
     
         68 . The method according to  claim 67  wherein said fluoropolymer is selected from the group consisting of ethylene-chlorotrifluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene propylene, ethylene tetrafluoro ethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyldifluorine, perfluoroalkoxy, and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         69 . The method according to  claim 67  wherein said material is selected from the group consisting of polyurethane elastomers, polyesters, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, polysiloxane, polysilicone acrylate, polysilicone (meth)acrylate, metallized plastics and polyvinyl alkoxy polymer.  
     
     
         70 . The method according to  claim 67  wherein said material has been conditioned with a release agent.  
     
     
         71 . The method according to  claim 67  wherein said polyester is polyethylene terephthalate.  
     
     
         72 . The method according to  claim 67  wherein said metallized plastic is metallized polyethylene terephthalate having an alloy metal surface.  
     
     
         73 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said coating face surface exhibits a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 7 microns.  
     
     
         74 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said coating face surface exhibits a smoothness Ra ranging from 0 to about 2 microns.  
     
     
         75 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said first or second coating composition is an aqueous coating composition comprising: 
 a) an amount of at least one film-forming polymer ranging from about 15% to about 90% by weight of said composition, said film-forming polymer comprising a high molecular weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 100% by weight of said film-forming polymer and a low molecular weight weight film-forming polymer in an amount ranging from 0% to about 100% by weight of said film-forming polymer with the proviso that the amount of high molecular weight film-forming polymer and low molecular weight film-forming polymer is at least 15% by weight of said film-forming polymer;  
 b) an amount of an emulsifier or surfactant ranging from about 0.05% to about 20% by weight of said composition; and  
 c) an amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent ranging from about 10% to about 85% by weight of said composition.  
 
     
     
         76 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said high molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer and said low molecular weight film-forming polymer ranges from about 5% to about 95% by weight of said film-forming polymer.  
     
     
         77 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said film-forming polymer is a hydrophilic or water-dispersible resin or polymer.  
     
     
         78 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said film-forming polymer is selected from the group consisting of poly(vinyl alcohol), poly(alkyl methacrylate), poly(alkyl acrylate), polystyrene, polyester, nylons, polyamides, polyethylene glycols, polyimides, polycarbonates, polyepoxies, polyacrylonitriles, polyethylene, polyvinyl, polyvinylpyrrolidones and mixtures, thereof.  
     
     
         79 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said film-forming polymer is a homopolymer or copolymer of at least one monomer selected from the group consisting of styrene, alpha-methylstyrene, ar-ethylstyrene, vinyltoluene, a,ar-dimethylstyrene, ar-t-butylstyrene, o-chlorostyrene, m-chlorostyrene, p-bromostyrene, 2,4-dichlorostyrene, 2,5-dichlorostyrene, vinylnapthalene, alkylesters of (meth)acrylic acid and acrylic acid and alpha,beta-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids.  
     
     
         80 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said polymer is a styrene(meth)acrylate copolymer.  
     
     
         81 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said solvent is selected from the group consisting of ethanol, methanol, acetone, methylethyl ketone, ethyl acetate, methyl acetate, isopropanol, n-butanol, n-butyl acetate, methylchloroform, methylene chloride, toluene, xylene, amyl acetate, pentane, cyclopentane, hexane, cyclohexane, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, cellosolve, butyl cellosolve acetate, cellosolve acetate, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve and mixtures thereof.  
     
     
         82 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said solvet comprises no more than about 15% by weight of a VOC.  
     
     
         83 . The method according to  claim 75  wherein said composition further comprises at least one additional component selected from the group consisting of mar resistant agents, hardening agents, coalescing agents, plasticizer agents, defoaming agents, release agents and pigments.  
     
     
         84 . The method according to  claim 83  wherein said pigment is included in said composition in an amount ranging from about 0.1% to about 30% by weight.  
     
     
         85 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said first or second coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         86 . The method according to  claim 85  wherein said coating comprising said monomers, oligomers or polymers further comprises an effective amount of an initiator.  
     
     
         87 . The method according to  claim 85  wherein said coating composition further comprises an effective amount of water or a mixture of water and a solvent.  
     
     
         88 . The method according to  claim 87  wherein said first coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         89 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said second coating composition comprises UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         90 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said first and said second coating compositions comprise UV or heat curable monomers, oligomers or polymers and is cured by UV energy, heat energy or electron beam energy.  
     
     
         91 . The method according to  claim 85  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acrylate monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (meth)acrylates, vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         92 . The method according to  claim 86  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acrylate monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         93 . The method accoding to  claim 87  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acrylate monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         94 . The method accoding to  claim 88  wherein said monomers are selected from the group consisting of (meth)acrylate monomers, acrylate monomers, urethane acrylates and (meth)acrylates, epoxy acrylates and (meth)acrylates, polyester acrylates and (meth)acrylates, elastomeric acrylates and (methacrylates), vinyl chloride, vinyl alcohol, and vinyl acetate.  
     
     
         95 . The method according to  claim 63  wherein said first or second coating composition is an aqueous coating composition which is free of polymerizable monomers.