Chemical adsorbent and liquid crystal alignment layer utilizing the same and liquid crystal display device utilizing the same and methods of manufacturing them

Abstract

The present invention provides a new chemical adsorbent which can form an extremely thin and transparent film in nanometer order which is fixed uniformly and firmly on a substrate, and give an alignment characteristic of high thermal stability to the thin film; as well as a liquid crystal alignment layer and a liquid crystal display device having a desirable alignment characteristic, a superior alignment control force over a liquid crystal molecule, and a superior thermal stability by using the above-mentioned chemical adsorbent. This purpose can be actualized by developing a new compound which is transparent and stable in a range of a visible ray (a wavelength from 400 nm to 700 nm), and has a photosensitivity in a range of an ultraviolet ray and a far-ultraviolet ray (a wavelength from 200 nm to 400 nm), and can form a thin film in a monolayer through a chemisorption on a substrate.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A chemical adsorbent consisting of a compound comprising: 
 a group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO—; and    a functional group having Si in its chemical structure;    wherein:    each of R 1  and R 2  is a hydrogen, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 C.    
     
     
         2 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , said chemical adsorbent being a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 1,  
       wherein: 
 R is an alkyl group having 1 to 14 C or a phenyl group;  
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive;  
 X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group;  
 A is a functional group; and  
 m is an integer of 1 to 3 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         3 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , said chemical adsorbent being a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2,  
       wherein: 
 R is an alkyl group having 1 to 14 C or a phenyl group;  
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive;  
 X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group;  
 A is a functional group; and  
 m is an integer of 1 to 3 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         4 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , said chemical adsorbent being a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 3,  
       wherein: 
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive;  
 R is an alkyl group having 1 to 14 C or a phenyl group;  
 X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group;  
 A is a functional group bonded to Si; and  
 m is an integer of 1 to 3 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         5 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , said chemical adsorbent being a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 4,  
       wherein: 
 R is an alkyl group having 1 to 14 C or a phenyl group;  
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive;  
 X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group;  
 A is a functional group; and  
 m is an integer of 1, 2.  
                     
 
     
     
         6 . A liquid crystal alignment layer wherein: 
 a liquid crystal molecule can be aligned in a particular direction;    a chemical adsorbent comprising a group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO— and a functional group having Si in its chemical structure is bonded and fixed directly or with an interposition of a different substance layer on a substrate surface through Si; and    an adjacent component molecule is crosslinked to each other through at least one bond of a double bond C═C in the group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO—.    
     
     
         7 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 6 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a compound comprising a chemical bond unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 5,  
       wherein: 
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         8 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 6 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a compound comprising a chemical bond unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 6,  
       wherein: 
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive; and  
 R is an alkyl group having 1 to 14 C or a phenyl group.  
                     
 
     
     
         9 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 6 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a compound comprising a chemical bond unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 7,  
       wherein: 
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         10 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 6 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a compound comprising a chemical bond unit represented by the following Chemical Formula 8,  
       wherein: 
 n is an integer of 1 to 14 inclusive.  
                     
 
     
     
         11 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: 
 producing a chemisorption solution by dissolving a silane-based chemical adsorbent comprising a group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO— and a functional group having Si in a nonaqueous solvent;    forming a thin film in a monolayer which is made of said silane-based chemical adsorbent on a substrate plane by contacting said silane-based chemisorption solution on the substrate plane, and chemisorbing it; and    photopolymerizing an adsorbent molecule to each other at a double bond of C═C in the group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO— by irradiating an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray on said thin film plane.    
     
     
         12 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 11 , comprising the step of: 
 treating a provisional alignment of a molecule composing a thin film by drain-drying a nonaqueous solvent in a certain direction after contacting said nonaqueous solvent on the thin film plane, between said steps of forming a thin film and photopolymerizing.    
     
     
         13 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 11 , comprising the steps of: 
 washing a thin film plane with a solvent to remove a chemical adsorbent which is not yet adsorbed; and    having a different molecular length from said first silane-based chemical adsorbent are mixed at a predetermined ratio, is used in said step of producing a chemisorption solution.    
     
     
         17 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to claim  16 , comprising the step of: 
 treating a provisional alignment of a molecule composing a thin film by drain-drying an nonaqueous solvent in a certain direction after contacting said solvent on the thin film plane, between said steps of forming a thin film and photopolymerizing.    
     
     
         18 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to claim  16 , comprising the steps of: 
 washing a thin film plane with a solvent to remove a chemical adsorbent which is not yet adsorbed; and    aligning provisionally an alignment direction of a molecule of a silane-based chemical adsorbent which is chemisorbed on a substrate plane by drain-drying the solvent remaining on the substrate plane while setting up the substrate through washing in a certain direction, between said steps of forming a thin film and photopolymerizing.    
     
     
         19 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to claim  16 , wherein: 
 an irradiation of an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray in said step of photopolymerizing is executed through a polarizer, a transparent plate having a multitude of grooves of 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width on its surface or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed.    
     
     
         20 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to claim  16 , wherein: 
 an irradiation of an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray in said step of photopolymerizing is executed through a patterned mask which is put further on a polarizer a transparent plate having a multitude of grooves of 0.1 to 0.3 μm in width on its surface or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed; and    an alignment direction of an adsorbent molecule is changed in each patterned small section by controlling a direction of a chemical bond between chemisorbed molecules.    
     
     
         21 . A liquid crystal display device comprising: 
 at least, two opposite substrates with an electrode on an inside plane;    a liquid crystal alignment layer which is formed on an inside plane of at least one of said opposite substrates; and    a liquid crystal which is received into a gap between said opposite substrates;    wherein:    said liquid crystal alignment layer is a thin film in a monolayer which is formed by chemisorbing a chemical adsorbent directly or through a different substance layer on said substrate plane; and    an adsorbent molecule is crosslinked to each other along a particular direction.    
     
     
         22 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 21 , wherein: 
 said chemical adsorbent comprises a group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO— and a functional group having Si; and    said adsorbent molecule is crosslinked to each other at a double bond of C═C in the group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO—.    
     
     
         23 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 22 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer has a different liquid crystal alignment control direction at each of a plurality of small patterned sections into which a pixel unit is divided.    
     
     
         24 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising the steps of: 
 producing a chemisorption solution by dissolving a silane-based chemical adsorbent comprising a carbon chain as well as a group of —CR 1 ═CR 2 —CO— and a functional group having Si at an end of or inside said carbon chain in a nonaqueous solvent;    forming a thin film in a monolayer by contacting said chemisorption solution on a first substrate with at least a group of electrodes in a matrix, and chemisorbing the chemical adsorbent on said substrate plane through Si;    aligning an adsorbent molecule in a drain direction provisionally by drain-drying a nonaqueous solvent for washing while setting up said substrate in a certain direction after washing said thin film with the nonaqueous solvent;    providing an alignment characteristic by means of producing the first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer having a particular alignment characteristic by irradiating an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray on the provisionally aligned thin film, and crosslinking the adsorbent molecule to each other in a particular direction through a photopolymerization;    producing an empty cell by sticking and fixing a periphery of the substrates after joining through the electrode plane with a predetermined gap said first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer as well as an opposite substrate or a second substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer having an opposite electrode, which is produced like said first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer; and    injecting a liquid crystal into said empty cell.    
     
     
         25 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to  claim 24 , wherein: 
 a crosslinking direction of an adsorbent molecule is controlled by exposing through a patterned mask which is put on a polarizer in irradiating an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray in said step of providing an alignment characteristic; and    a controlled direction of a liquid crystal alignment is changed at each of a plurality of small patterned sections into which a pixel unit is divided.    
     
     
         26 . A chemical adsorbent consisting of a 4′-substitution chalcone derivative represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-1.  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         R is an alkyl group having 1 to 3 C or an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 C, p is an integer of 0 to 2 inclusive and A is a bifunctional group.  
       
     
     
         27 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 26 , wherein: 
 A in said Chemical Formula 2-1 is a group of —(CH 2 ) n — (n is an integer of 3 to 14 inclusive).    
     
     
         28 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent comprising: 
 a first step of synthesizing a substance represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-4 by coupling a 4′-hydroxychalcone represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-2 and a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-3; and    a second step of synthesizing a 4′-substitution chalcone derivative represented by the following Chemical Formula 2-5 by causing a reaction of eliminating a hydrochloric acid with a substance represented by said Chemical Formula 2-4 and a silicon tetrachloride in an atmosphere of an inert gas.                          Hal-(CH 2 ) n —OH  [Chemical Formula 2-3]   (Hal is I, Br or Cl and n is an integer of 3 to 14 inclusive.)                                                
     
     
         29 . A chemical adsorbent consisting of a compound in a normal chain comprising: 
 a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-1; and    a group of —SiX (X is a halogen).    —C≡C—C≡C—  [Chemical Formula 3-1]   
     
     
         30 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , wherein: 
 said compound is represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-2.    R—C≡C—C≡C-A-O—SiR′pX 3-p   [Chemical Formula 3-2]   (R is an alkyl group, R′ is an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, X is a halogen, p is an integer of 0 to 2 inclusive and A is a bifunctional group.)    
     
     
         31 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 1 , wherein: 
 a chemical adsorbent is represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-3.    C n H 2n+1 —C≡C—C≡C—(CH 2 ) m —O—SiCl 3   [Chemical Formula 3-3]   (n and m is an integer of 3 to 14 inclusive.)    
     
     
         32 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent wherein: 
 a compound having a bond of —O—SiX 3  is synthesized by causing a condensation reaction of an alcohol comprising a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-1, and SiX 4  (X is a halogen) in an atmosphere of an inert gas.    —C≡C—C≡C—  [Chemical Formula 3-1]   
     
     
         33 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent according to  claim 3 , wherein: 
 an alcohol having an organic group represented by said Chemical Formula 3-1 is synthesized by a condensation reaction of a compound comprising a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-4 at an end, and a compound having a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 3-5 at an end and a hydroxyl group at the other end.    —C≡CH  [Chemical Formula 3-4]XC≡C—  [Chemical Formula 3-5]   
     
     
         34 . A liquid crystal alignment layer consisting of a thin film in a monolayer which is chemisorbed on a substrate surface with at least an electrode, wherein: 
 said thin film is composed of a substance comprising a molecule which originates in a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1.    —C≡C—C≡—  [Chemical Formula 4-1]   
     
     
         35 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 34 , wherein: 
 said substance comprises at least one of chemical bond units represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-2, Chemical Formula 4-3, Chemical Formula 4-4 or Chemical Formula 4-5, and is chemisorbed on said substrate surface through Si in said chemical bond unit; and    said chemical bond unit is crosslinked to each other through a bond of C—C in a particular direction.                          (In said Chemical Formulae 4-2 to 4-5, A is a bifunctional group.)    
     
     
         36 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: 
 forming a thin film consisting of a chemisorbed molecule by contacting a solution comprising a chemical adsorbent having a group represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1 and a group of —SiX (X is a halogen) on a substrate surface with at least an electrode, and chemisorbing said chemical adsorbent on said substrate surface; and    crosslinking the chemisorbed molecule composing the thin film along a particular direction by irradiating an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray on said thin film surface.    —C≡C—C≡—  [Chemical Formula 4-1]   
     
     
         37 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , comprising the steps of: 
 washing for removing a chemical adsorbent which is not yet adsorbed; and    draining a washing solution in a certain direction, after said step of forming a thin film;    wherein:    said step of crosslinking is executed after the step of draining.    
     
     
         38 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 37 , wherein: 
 a nonaqueous solvent is used as said washing solution.    
     
     
         39 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 37 , wherein: 
 said draining is executed by pulling up said substrate while holding in a vertical direction to a solution surface after immersing the substrate with a thin film in a washing solution comprising a nonaqueous solvent.    
     
     
         40 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , wherein: 
 said irradiation is executed through a polarizer or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed.    
     
     
         41 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , wherein: 
 said irradiation is executed through a polarizer or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed.    
     
     
         42 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , wherein: 
 said irradiation is executed through a patterned mask which is put on a polarizer or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed; and    an alignment direction of an adsorbent molecule is changed in each patterned small section by controlling a direction of a chemical bond between adsorbent molecules.    
     
     
         43 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , wherein: 
 said irradiation is executed through a patterned mask which is put on a polarizer or a transparent plate on which a rubbing is executed; and    an alignment direction of an adsorbent molecule is changed in each patterned small section by controlling a direction of a chemical bond between adsorbent molecules.    
     
     
         44 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 36 , wherein: 
 a solvent consisting of a molecule comprising a group of alkyl, fluorocarbon, carbon chloride or siloxane is used as a solvent in a solution comprising said chemical adsorbent.    
     
     
         45 . A liquid crystal display device with a structure in which two substrates with at least an electrode are opposed through the electrode side and a liquid crystal is sealed between the substrates, wherein: 
 a liquid crystal alignment layer is formed on a surface of at least one of said substrates; and    said liquid crystal alignment layer is made by bonding and fixing a chemical adsorbent having a functional group represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1 and a group of —SiX (X is a halogen) in a molecular structure on the substrate surface.    —C≡C—C≡—  [Chemical Formula 4-1]   
     
     
         46 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 45 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is composed of a thin film in a monolayer which comprises at least one of chemical bond units represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-2, Chemical Formula 4-3, Chemical Formula 4-4 or Chemical Formula 4-5, and is chemisorbed on a surface of said substrate through Si in the chemical bond unit, which is crosslinked to each other through a bond of C—C in a particular direction.                          (In said Chemical Formulae 4-2 to 4-5, A is a bifunctional group.)    
     
     
         47 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 46 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer has a different liquid crystal alignment direction at each of a plurality of small sections into which a pixel unit is divided.    
     
     
         48 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 47 , wherein: 
 said small section is arrayed in a pattern in a pixel area on a substrate.    
     
     
         49 . A liquid crystal display device of an in-plane switching type in which an electrode and an opposite electrode are formed on the same substrate, wherein: 
 a liquid crystal alignment layer is formed on a surface with the electrode and the opposite electrode of said substrate; and    said liquid crystal alignment layer is made by bonding and fixing a chemical adsorbent having a functional group represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1 and a group of —SiX (X is a halogen) in a molecular structure on a substrate surface through a bond of —Si—O— as well as crosslinking a component molecule to each other in a particular direction.    
     
     
         50 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 49 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is composed of a thin film in a monolayer which comprises at least one of chemical bond units represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-2, Chemical Formula 4-3, Chemical Formula 4-4 or Chemical Formula 4-5, and is chemisorbed on a surface of said substrate at an end of an Si group in the chemical bond unit, which is crosslinked to each other through a bond of C—C in a particular direction.                          (In said Chemical Formulae 4-2 to 4-5, A is a bifunctional group.)    
     
     
         51 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device comprising the steps of: 
 producing a chemisorption solution by dissolving a chemical adsorbent comprising a functional group represented by the following Chemical Formula 4-1 and a group of —SiX (X is a halogen) in a molecular structure in a nonaqueous solvent;    forming a thin film in a monolayer by contacting said chemisorption solution on a first substrate with at least a group of electrodes in a matrix, and chemisorbing the chemical adsorbent on said substrate plane through Si;    aligning an adsorbent molecule provisionally by drain-drying a nonaqueous solvent for washing while setting up said substrate in a certain direction after washing said thin film with the nonaqueous solvent;    providing an alignment characteristic by means of producing the first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer having a particular alignment characteristic by irradiating an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray on the provisionally aligned thin film, and crosslinking the adsorbent molecule to each other in a particular direction through a photopolymerization;    producing an empty cell by sticking and fixing a periphery of the substrates after joining through the electrode plane with a predetermined gap said first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer as well as an opposite substrate or a second substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer having an opposite electrode, which is produced like said first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer; and    injecting a liquid crystal into said empty cell.    
     
     
         52 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display device according to  claim 51 , wherein: 
 an irradiation of an ultraviolet ray or a far-ultraviolet ray in said step of providing an alignment characteristic is executed through a patterned mask which is put on a polarizer; and    a first substrate with a liquid crystal alignment layer having a different alignment direction of an adsorbent molecule in each patterned small section is produced by controlling a direction of a chemical bond between adsorbent molecules.    —C≡C—C≡—  [Chemical Formula 4-1]   
     
     
         53 . A chemical adsorbent consisting of a chalcone derivative wherein: 
 a functional group is bonded to a benzene ring composing a chalcone skeleton represented below; and    a characteristic group comprising a group of —SiX (X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group) is bonded to the other benzene ring.                          
     
     
         54 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 53 , wherein: 
 said chalcone derivative is a compound represented by the following Chemical Formula 5-1.                          (A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton, A 2  is a bifunctional group bonded to the other benzene ring, X is a halogen, an alkoxyl group or an isocyanato group, A′ is an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, and n is an integer of 0 to 3 inclusive.)    
     
     
         55 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 54 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 5-2 or Chemical Formula 5-3                         (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, p is an integer of 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, and p is an integer of 0 or 1.)    
     
     
         56 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 55 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton.    
     
     
         57 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 54 , wherein: 
 A 2  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is represented by a group of —(CH 2 ) n —O—, —O—(CH 2 )—O—, or —CO—(CH 2 ) n —O— (n is an integer of 2 to 14 inclusive.).    
     
     
         58 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 57 , wherein: 
 A 2  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is bonded to 4′-position of a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton.    
     
     
         59 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 54 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton represented by the following Chemical Formula 5-4; and    A 2  is bonded to 4′-position.                          
     
     
         60 . A chemical adsorbent according to  claim 59 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 5-2 or Chemical Formula 5-3; and    A 2  in said Chemical Formula 5-1 is represented by a group of —(CH 2 ) n —O—, —O—(CH 2 ) n —O—, or —CO—(CH 2 ) n —O— (n is an integer of 2 to 14 inclusive.).    
     
     
         61 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent comprising the step of: 
 bonding a halogen or an alkoxy group to Si in a molecule having a group of a chalcone skeleton with a functional group at least at 4-position as well as Si in an atmosphere of an inert gas.    
     
     
         62 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent comprising at least the step of: 
 synthesizing a chalcone derivative having a bond of —O—SX 3  by causing a condensation reaction between an alcohol comprising a group of a chalcone skeleton with a functional group at least at 4-position of a benzene ring composing a chalcone skeleton and SiX 4  (X is a halogen) in an atmosphere of an inert gas.    
     
     
         63 . A method of manufacturing a chemical adsorbent comprising at least the step of: 
 causing an aldol condensation reaction between a benzaldehyde with a functional group at least at 4-position and a compound having a benzoyl group.    
     
     
         64 . A liquid crystal alignment layer wherein: 
 a thin film comprising a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1 in a molecular structure is chemisorbed directly or with an interposition of a different substance layer on a substrate surface with an electrode by a bond of —Si—O—; and    an adsorbent molecule is crosslinked to each other through at least one bond of a vinyl group in a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1.                          A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring.    
     
     
         65 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 64 , said liquid crystal alignment layer: 
 being a thin film in a monolayer; and    having a liquid crystal alignment control force which can align a liquid crystal molecule in a particular direction.    
     
     
         66 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 65 , wherein: 
 a coating thickness of said liquid crystal alignment layer is 0.5 nm or more and below 10 nm.    
     
     
         67 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 65 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-3 or Chemical Formula 6-4.                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, p is an integer of 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)    
     
     
         68 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 67 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-2.                          
     
     
         69 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 65 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of more than two kinds of chemical adsorbents having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1.  
     
     
         70 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 65 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1 and a chemical substance except said chemical adsorbent.  
     
     
         71 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 65 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a plurality of kinds of chemical substances, wherein: 
 at least one kind of said chemical substance is a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1; and    at least one of said plurality of kinds of chemical substances has an alkyl skeleton in a normal chain, a siloxane skeleton in a normal chain or a fluoroalkyl skeleton in a normal chain.    
     
     
         72 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 67 , said liquid crystal alignment layer being composed of a plurality of kinds of chemical substances, wherein: 
 at least one kind of said chemical substance is a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1; and    at least one of said plurality of kinds of chemical substances has an alkyl skeleton in a normal chain, a siloxane skeleton in a normal chain or a fluoroalkyl skeleton in a normal chain.    
     
     
         73 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 67 , said liquid crystal alignment layer having a different alignment control direction over a liquid crystal molecule at each of a plurality of small patterned sections into which a pixel unit in an alignment layer is divided.  
     
     
         74 . A liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 67 , wherein: 
 said different substance layer is an organic layer or an inorganic layer having a hydrophilic group.    
     
     
         75 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: 
 forming a thin film in a monolayer on a substrate by contacting a material for a thin film comprising a chemical adsorbent represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-5 on the substrate surface with at least an electrode, and chemisorbing said material for a thin film on said substrate surface; and    treating an alignment of said thin film.                          (A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton, A 2  is a bifunctional group, X is a halogen or an alkoxyl group, A′ is an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, and n is an integer of 0 to 3 inclusive.)    
     
     
         76 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 75 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-5 is represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-3 or Chemical Formula 6-4.                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, p is an integer of 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)    
     
     
         77 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 76 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-5 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring composing a chalcone basic skeleton represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-6.                          
     
     
         78 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 77 , wherein: 
 A 2  in said Chemical Formula 6-5 is represented by a group of —(CH 2 ) n —O—, —O—(CH 2 ) n —O—, or —CO—(CH 2 ) n —O— (n is an integer of 2 to 14 inclusive.).    
     
     
         79 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 75 , wherein: 
 A 1  according to  claim 76  is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring; and    A 2  according to  claim 78  is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring.    
     
     
         80 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 76 , comprising the step of: 
 washing a substrate surface with a thin film with a nonaqueous solvent to remove an excessive material for a thin film, between said steps of forming a thin film and treating an alignment.    
     
     
         81 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 80 , wherein: 
 a nonaqueous solvent in said step of washing is a nonprotic organic solvent.    
     
     
         82 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 80 , wherein: 
 a nonaqueous solvent in said step of washing is a mixed solvent of a nonprotic organic solvent and a protic organic solvent.    
     
     
         83 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 76 , wherein: 
 said step of treating an alignment is a step of providing an alignment control force which can align a liquid crystal molecule in a particular direction by irradiating a polarized light on a substrate plane with said thin film, and crosslinking a molecule composing the thin film to each other.    
     
     
         84 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 83 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is a plurality of irradiations with a different light strength and/or a different wavelength.    
     
     
         85 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 83 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is a plurality of irradiations with a different incident angle with a substrate.    
     
     
         86 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 83 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is an irradiation using a polarized light with a different polarized direction at each irradiation and to a different irradiation section at each irradiation.    
     
     
         87 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 76 , wherein: 
 said step of treating an alignment is a step of aligning a molecule composing a thin film provisionally by drain-drying an organic solvent remaining on a substrate plane while setting up the substrate through washing in a certain direction.    
     
     
         88 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 80 , wherein: 
 said step of treating an alignment is a step of providing an alignment control force for aligning a liquid crystal molecule in a particular direction by irradiating a polarized light on a substrate plane, and crosslinking a molecule composing a thin film to each other, after aligning the molecule composing a thin film provisionally by drain-drying an organic solvent remaining on film substrate plane while setting up the substrate through washing in a certain direction.    
     
     
         89 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 88 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is a plurality of irradiations with a different light strength and/or a different wavelength.    
     
     
         90 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 88 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is a plurality of irradiations with a different incident angle with a substrate.    
     
     
         91 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer according to  claim 88 , wherein: 
 said irradiation of a polarized light is an irradiation using a polarized light with a different polarized direction at each irradiation and to a different irradiation section at each irradiation.    
     
     
         92 . A method of manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising the steps of: 
 forming a thin film in a monolayer on a substrate by contacting a material for a thin film comprising a chemical adsorbent represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-5 on the substrate surface with at least an electrode, and chemisorbing a molecule composing said material for a thin film on said substrate surface;    aligning a molecule composing the thin film provisionally by drain-drying an nonaqueous solvent in a certain direction after contacting said nonaqueous solvent on the substrate surface with a thin film; and    realigning the molecule composing a thin film by irradiating a polarized light on the provisionally aligned substrate, and crosslinking the molecule composing a thin film to each other;    wherein:    a liquid crystal alignment layer in a multidomain alignment having a different liquid crystal alignment control direction at each of a plurality of small patterned sections into which a pixel unit is divided is manufactured by repeating said steps of aligning provisionally and realigning more than twice.                          (A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring in a chalcone skeleton, A 2  is a bifunctional group, X is a halogen or an alkoxyl group, A′ is an alkyl group or an alkoxyl group, and n is an integer of 0 to 3 inclusive.)    
     
     
         93 . A liquid crystal display device with a structure in which two substrates with at least an electrode are opposed through the electrode side and a liquid crystal is sealed between two substrates, wherein: 
 a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1 in a molecular structure is chemisorbed on a surface of at least one of said substrates by a bond of —Si—O—; and    an adsorbent molecule is crosslinked to each other through at least one bond of a vinyl group in a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1.                          A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring.    
     
     
         94 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 93 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-3 or Chemical Formula 6-4.                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, p is an integer of 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)    
     
     
         95 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 94 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-2.                          
     
     
         96 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 95 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is composed of a plurality of kinds of chemical substances;    at least one kind of said chemical substance is a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1; and    at least one of said plurality of kinds of chemical substances has an alkyl skeleton in a normal chain, a siloxane skeleton in a normal chain or a fluoroalkyl skeleton in a normal chain.    
     
     
         97 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 96 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is a thin film in a monolayer and has a liquid crystal alignment control force which can align a liquid crystal molecule in a particular direction.    
     
     
         98 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 97 , wherein: 
 a coating thickness of said thin film is 0.5 nm or more and below 10 nm.    
     
     
         99 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 97 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer has a different liquid crystal alignment direction at each of a plurality of small sections into which a pixel unit is divided.    
     
     
         100 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 99 , wherein: 
 said small section is arrayed in a pattern in a pixel area on a substrate.    
     
     
         101 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 100 , wherein: 
 an organic layer or an inorganic layer having a hydrophilic group is formed on an electrode of a substrate with said alignment layer.    
     
     
         102 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 95 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer has a different liquid crystal alignment direction at each of a plurality of small sections into which a pixel unit is divided.    
     
     
         103 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 102 , wherein: 
 said small section is arrayed in a pattern in a pixel area on a substrate.    
     
     
         104 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 103 , wherein: 
 an organic layer or an inorganic layer having a hydrophilic group is formed on an electrode of a substrate with said alignment layer.    
     
     
         105 . A liquid crystal display device of an in-plane switching type in which an electrode and an opposite electrode are formed on the same substrate, wherein: 
 a liquid crystal alignment layer comprising a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1 in a molecular structure is chemisorbed on a surface with the electrode and the opposite electrode of said substrate by a bond of —Si—O—; and    an adsorbent molecule is crosslinked to each other through at least one bond of a vinyl group in a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-1.                          A 1  is a functional group bonded to a benzene ring.    
     
     
         106 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 105 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is a characteristic group represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-3 or Chemical Formula 6-4.                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, p is an integer of 0 or 1, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)                          (k is an integer of 1 to 18 inclusive, m and n are an integer of 0 to 37 inclusive, and q is an integer of 0 or 1.)    
     
     
         107 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 106 , wherein: 
 A 1  in said Chemical Formula 6-1 is bonded to 4-position of a benzene ring represented by the following Chemical Formula 6-2.                          
     
     
         108 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 107 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is a thin film in a monolayer and has a liquid crystal alignment control force which can align a liquid crystal molecule in a particular direction.    
     
     
         109 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 108 , wherein: 
 a coating thickness of said thin film is 0.5 nm or more and below 10 nm.    
     
     
         110 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 108 , wherein: 
 said liquid crystal alignment layer is composed of a plurality of kinds of chemical substances;    at least one kind of said chemical substance is a chemical adsorbent having a characteristic group represented by said Chemical Formula 6-1; and    at least one of said plurality of kinds of chemical substances has an alkyl skeleton in a normal chain, a siloxane skeleton in a normal chain or a fluoroalkyl skeleton in a normal chain.    
     
     
         111 . A liquid crystal display device according to  claim 110 , wherein: 
 an organic layer or an inorganic layer having a hydrophilic group is formed on an electrode of a substrate with said alignment layer.