US2003010458A1PendingUtilityA1

Method for inhibiting calcium salt scale

40
Priority: Jun 6, 2001Filed: Jun 5, 2002Published: Jan 16, 2003
Est. expiryJun 6, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Jacob Owen ThompsonSheldon Phillip VerrettSteven John SevertsonJeremy E. Loy
C02F 5/14D21C 3/226C02F 5/12
40
PatentIndex Score
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Claims

Abstract

Compositions and method for improving inhibition of calcium salt scale formation under the conditions found in chemical pulp processes in which an effective amount of selected phosphonates or phosphonate blends is admixed with the aqueous digester composition in a chemical pulping process during the digestion stage. The compositions and method are especially well suited for use in the Kraft pulping process.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A scale inhibiting composition for inhibiting calcium salt scale formation in alkaline aqueous mixtures of chemical pulping processes, wherein said composition is added to the digester of said chemical pulping process, said composition comprising an effective scale inhibiting amount of at least one phosphonate selected from compounds having the formula: 
       X 2 NCH 2 PO 3 M 2   (I), 
       compounds having the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       amine oxides of phosphonates of formula (I), 
 or mixtures thereof;  
 wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium, X is independently selected from H, R, or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  wherein R is an alkyl group or —NX 2  substituted alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and R′ is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, and Y is selected from —PO 3 M 2 , H or R′;  
 with the proviso that when said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is greater than 25 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
 
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen or an alkali metal.  
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein M is sodium or potassium when M is an alkali metal.  
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein X is independently selected from—CH 2 PO 3 M 2  or R.  
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 4  wherein at least one of X is R and R is—(CH 2 ) n NX′ 2 , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 6 and X′ is independently selected from R or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 4  wherein each X is R and R is —(CH 2 ) n NX′ 2 , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 6 and X′ is independently selected from R or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein Y is —PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 7  wherein R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is at least one phosphonate of formula (I).  
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is at least one phosphonate of formula (II).  
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is at least one amine oxide of phosphonates of formula (I).  
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least two phosphonates of formula (I).  
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least one phosphonate of formula (I) and at least one phosphonate of formula (II).  
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least two phosphonates of formula (II).  
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 9  wherein said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3  and the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 500 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 10  wherein said phosphonate is CH 3 C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         17 . The composition of  claim 16  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 200 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 9  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 18  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 9  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 20  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 150 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 9  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 9  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 23  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         25 . The composition of  claim 12  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of: (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and a second phosphonate selected from N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , or (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         26 . The composition of  claim 25  wherein said second phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         27 . The composition of  claim 25  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         28 . The composition of  claim 25  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 80 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         29 . The composition of  claim 25  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         30 . The composition of  claim 12  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         31 . The composition of  claim 30  wherein the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 50 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         32 . The composition of  claim 12  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and a second phosphonate selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , or N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 .  
     
     
         33 . The composition of  claim 32  wherein said second phosphonate is selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  or N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         34 . The composition of  claim 32  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         35 . The composition of  claim 13  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of a first phosphonate selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  or (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and a second phosphonate selected from CH 3 C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         36 . The composition of  claim 35  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         37 . The composition of  claim 35  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 Ch 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 500 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         38 . The composition of  claim 35  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         39 . The composition of  claim 35  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 150 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         40 . The composition of  claim 12  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 100 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         41 . The composition of  claim 12  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3  and (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 Ch 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 50 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         42 . The composition of  claim 1  wherein the pH of said alkaline aqueous mixture is at least 9.  
     
     
         43 . A method for inhibiting calcium salt scale formation in chemical pulping processes comprising adding an effective scale inhibiting amount of at least one phosphonate to the alkaline aqueous mixture in the digester of said chemical pulping process, wherein said at least one phosphonate is selected from compounds having the formula: 
       X 2 NCH 2 PO 3 M 2   (I), 
       compounds having the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       amine oxides of phosphonates of formula (I), 
 or mixtures thereof;  
 wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium, X is independently selected from H, R, or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  wherein R is an alkyl group or —NX 2  substituted alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and R′ is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, and Y is selected from —PO 3 M 2 , H or R′;  
 with the proviso that when said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is greater than 25 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
 
     
     
         44 . The method of  claim 43  wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen or an alkali metal.  
     
     
         45 . The method of  claim 44  wherein M is sodium or potassium when M is an alkali metal.  
     
     
         46 . The method of  claim 43  wherein X is independently selected from —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  or R.  
     
     
         47 . The method of  claim 46  wherein at least one of X is R and R is —(CH 2 ) n NX′ 2 , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 6 and X′ is independently selected from R or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         48 . The method of  claim 46  wherein each X is R and R is —(CH 2 ) n NX′ 2 , wherein n is an integer from 2 to 6 and X′ is independently selected from R or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         49 . The method of  claim 43  wherein Y is —PO 3 M 2 .  
     
     
         50 . The method of  claim 47  wherein R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         51 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is at least one phosphonate of formula (I).  
     
     
         52 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is at least one phosphonate of formula (II).  
     
     
         53 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is at least one phosphonate of formula (III).  
     
     
         54 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least two phosphonates of formula (I).  
     
     
         55 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least one phosphonate of formula (I) and at least one phosphonate of formula (II).  
     
     
         56 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of at least two phosphonates of formula (II).  
     
     
         57 . The method of  claim 51  wherein said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3  and the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 500 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         58 . The method of  claim 52  wherein said phosphonate is CH3C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         59 . The method of  claim 58  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 200 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         60 . The method of  claim 51  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         61 . The method of  claim 60  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         62 . The method of  claim 51  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         63 . The method of  claim 61  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 150 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         64 . The method of  claim 51  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         65 . The method of  claim 51  wherein said phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         66 . The method of  claim 65  wherein the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         67 . The method of  claim 54  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of: (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 —N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and a second phosphonate selected from N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , or (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         68 . The method of  claim 67  wherein said second phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         69 . The method of  claim 67  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         70 . The method of  claim 67  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 80 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         71 . The method of  claim 67  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 10 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         72 . The method of  claim 54  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         73 . The method of  claim 72  wherein the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 50 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         74 . The method of  claim 54  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and a second phosphonate selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , or N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 .  
     
     
         75 . The method of  claim 74  wherein said second phosphonate is selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  or N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         76 . The method of  claim 74  wherein said second phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         77 . The method of  claim 55  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of a first phosphonate selected from (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  or (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and a second phosphonate selected from CH 3 C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 .  
     
     
         78 . The method of  claim 77  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         79 . The method of  claim 77  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 N-(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 20 to about 500 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         80 . The method of  claim 77  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         81 . The method of  claim 77  wherein said first phosphonate is (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 150 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         82 . The method of  claim 54  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 N(CH 2 ) 6 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2  and N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 100 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         83 . The method of  claim 54  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3  and (M 2 O 3 PCH 2 ) 2 NCH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 )CH 2 CH 2 N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 50 to about 1000 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         84 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said chemical pulping process is a Kraft process.  
     
     
         85 . The method of  claim 84  wherein calcium salt scale is inhibited in the digester.  
     
     
         86 . The method of  claim 84  wherein calcium salt scale is inhibited in the brown stock washing area.  
     
     
         87 . The method of  claim 84  wherein calcium salt scale is inhibited in the black liquor recovery area.  
     
     
         88 . The method of  claim 43  wherein said calcium salt is calcium carbonate or calcium sulfate.  
     
     
         89 . The method of  claim 88  wherein said calcium salt is calcium carbonate.  
     
     
         90 . The method of  claim 43  wherein the pH of said alkaline aqueous mixture is at least 9.  
     
     
         91 . A method for inhibiting calcium salt scale formation in an aqueous system in a chemical pulping process having a sufficient quantity of available calcium cations and anions selected from carbonate and sulfate susceptible to form said calcium salt scale, comprising admixing an effective scale inhibiting amount of at least one phosphonate with said aqueous system in the digester of said chemical pulping process maintained in a temperature range to inhibit calcium salt scale formation; and wherein said phosphonate is selected from compounds having the formula: 
       X 2 NCH 2 PO 3 M 2   (I), 
       compounds having the formula:  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       amine oxides of phosphonates of formula (I), 
 or mixtures thereof;  
 wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium, X is independently selected from H, R, or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  wherein R is an alkyl group or —NX 2  substituted alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and R′ is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, and Y is selected from —PO 3 M 2 , H or R′; with the proviso that when said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is greater than 25 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
 
     
     
         92 . A method for inhibiting calcium salt scale formation in an aqueous system in a selected chemical pulping process comprising: 
 (a) determining the calcium salt scale inhibition profiles of phosphonate concentration and process temperature as a function of time for phosphonate compositions admixed with the aqueous digester composition in a chemical pulping process digester,    (b) identifying the calcium salt scale inhibition capability required by said selected chemical pulping process based on the process operating conditions of time, temperature and pressure, and the aqueous digester composition,    (c) selecting the appropriate phosphonate composition and phosphonate use concentration to effectively inhibit calcium salt scale formation in said selected chemical pulping process when said phosphonate is admixed with the aqueous digester composition in said selected chemical pulping process based on steps (a) and (b), and    (d) admixing the selected phosphonate composition with the aqueous digester composition in said selected chemical pulping process during the digestion stage of the chemical pulping process; 
 wherein said selected phosphonate composition is at least one phosphonate selected from compounds having the formula: 
 X 2 NCH 2 PO 3 M 2   (I), 
 compounds having the formula:  
                     
 amine oxides of phosphonates of formula (I),  
   or mixtures thereof;    wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium, X is independently selected from H, R, or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  wherein R is an alkyl group or —NX 2  substituted alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and R′ is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, and Y is selected from —PO 3 M 2 , H or R′;    with the proviso that when said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is greater than 25 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.    
     
     
         93 . A method for inhibiting calcium salt scale formation in an aqueous system in a selected chemical pulping process comprising: 
 (a) identifying the calcium salt scale inhibition capability required by said selected chemical pulping process based on the process operating conditions of time, temperature and pressure, and the aqueous digester composition,    (b) selecting the appropriate phosphonate composition and phosphonate use concentration to effectively inhibit calcium salt scale formation in said selected chemical pulping process when said phosphonate is admixed with the aqueous digester composition in said selected chemical pulping process based on step (a) and the calcium salt scale inhibition profiles of phosphonate concentration and process temperature as a function of time for phosphonate compositions admixed with the aqueous digester composition in a chemical pulping process digester, and    (c) admixing the selected phosphonate composition with the aqueous digester composition in said selected chemical pulping process during the digestion stage of the chemical pulping process;    wherein said selected phosphonate composition is at least one phosphonate selected from compounds having the formula:   X 2 NCH 2 PO 3 M 2   (I),   compounds having the formula:                          amine oxides of phosphonates of formula (I),    or mixtures thereof;    wherein M is independently selected from hydrogen, alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or ammonium, X is independently selected from H, R, or —CH 2 PO 3 M 2  wherein R is an alkyl group or —NX 2  substituted alkyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, R′ is an alkyl group having 1 to 17 carbon atoms and R′ is optionally branched and optionally unsaturated, and Y is selected from —PO 3 M 2 , H or R′;    with the proviso that when said phosphonate is N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , the amount of said phosphonate on an active acid basis is greater than 25 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.    
     
     
         94 . The composition of  claim 13  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and CH 3 C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 500 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.  
     
     
         95 . The method of  claim 55  wherein said phosphonate is a mixture of N(CH 2 PO 3 M 2 ) 3 , and CH 3 C(OH)(PO 3 M 2 ) 2 , and the amount of said mixture on an active acid basis is about 30 to about 500 ppm based on the weight of total liquor charged to said digester.

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