Composite retaining wall and construction method for underground structure

Abstract

The method for building an underground composite retaining wall comprises determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of the underground of a building, forming holes by means of a construction equipment such as an auger drill to drive in an H-section steel pile in each of the holes, and installing an earth plate between the H-section steel piles, thereby completing the installation of the temporary retaining wall; excavating a site in the interior of the temporary retaining wall; if the site excavation is completed, installing a fixing shear connecting means on the H-section steel pile; arranging reinforcing bars on an underground retaining wall; and installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame and curing the concrete, thereby completing the formation of the underground retaining wall.

I claim:  
     
         1 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of the underground of a building, forming holes by means of a construction equipment such as an auger drill to drive in an H-section steel pile in each of the holes, and installing an earth plate between the H-section steel piles, thereby completing the installation of the temporary retaining wall;    excavating a site in the interior of said temporary retaining wall;    after said site excavation, installing a fixing shear connecting means on the H-section steel pile;    arranging reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of said underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame and curing the concrete, thereby completing the formation of said underground retaining wall.    
     
     
         2 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of a building, forming holes by means of a construction equipment such as an auger drill to drive an H-section steel pile in each of the holes, and forming the temporary retaining wall with a soil cement wall;    excavating a site in the interior of said temporary retaining wall;    if the site excavation is completed, excavating the surrounding part of the H-section steel pile of the soil cement wall, thereby installing a fixing shear connecting means on the H-section steel pile;    arranging reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame, and curing the concrete.    
     
     
         3 . The method as defined in  claim 2 , further comprising forming a hole on the soil cement wall between a part where the H-section steel bar exists and a part where adjacent H-section steel bar exists on the underground retaining wall and driving in a dowel bar into the hole.  
     
     
         4 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of a building, forming holes by means of a construction equipment such as an auger drill to drive in a reinforcing bar in each of the holes, and forming a cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall;    excavating a site in the interior of the cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall;    if the site excavation is completed, excavating a surrounding part of the reinforcing bar of the cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall, thereby installing a fixing shear connecting means on the reinforcing bar;    arranging vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame, and curing the concrete.    
     
     
         5 . The method as defined in  claim 4 , further comprising forming a hole on the cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall between a part where the fixing shear connecting means is installed on the reinforcing bar and a part where the fixing shear connecting means is installed on another reinforcing bar on the underground retaining wall and driving in a dowel bar into the hole.  
     
     
         6 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of a building, forming holes by means of a construction equipment such as an auger drill to drive in an H-section steel pile at predetermined intervals in each of the holes, and forming an H-section steel pile reinforced cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall;    excavating a site in the interior of the H-section steel pile reinforced cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall;    if the site excavation is completed, excavating the surrounding part of the H-section steel pile of the H-section steel pile reinforced cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall, thereby installing a fixing shear connecting means on the H-section steel pile;    arranging vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame, and curing the concrete.    
     
     
         7 . The method as defined in  claim 4 , further comprising forming a hole on the H-section steel pile reinforced cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall between a part where the fixing shear connecting means is installed on the H-section steel pile and a part where the fixing shear connecting means is installed on another H-section steel pile on the underground retaining wall and driving in a dowel bar into the hole.  
     
     
         8 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of a building, driving in a steel sheet pile on the position, and forming a temporary steel sheet pile retaining wall;    excavating a site in the interior of the temporary steel sheet pile retaining wall;    if the site excavation is completed, installing a fixing shear connecting means on the temporary steel sheet pile retaining wall;    arranging vertical and horizontal reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame, and curing the concrete.    
     
     
         9 . The method as defined in claims  1 ,  2 ,  4 ,  6 ,  7  or  8 , wherein said fixing shear connecting means comprises a shear connector, an adhesive material spreading, a sand blasting, or a shear key.  
     
     
         10 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a position where a temporary retaining wall is installed in consideration of the outside line of the underground of a building, and driving in an H-section steel pile to form an earth plate, driving in the H-section steel pile to form a soil cement wall, driving in a reinforcing bar to form a cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall, driving in the H-section steel pile to form an H-section steel pile reinforced cast-in-place concrete pile retaining wall, or driving in a sheet pile to form a temporary sheet pile retaining wall, thereby completing the installation of the temporary retaining wall;    excavating a site in the interior of the temporary retaining wall;    if the site excavation is completed, installing a reinforcing means on the H-section steel pile, the reinforcing bar, or the sheet pile;    arranging reinforcing bars on the underground retaining wall of the interior of the temporary retaining wall; and    installing a frame in the interior of the underground retaining wall, casting concrete in the frame and curing the concrete.    
     
     
         11 . The method as defined in  claim 10 , wherein said reinforcing bar installed on the underground retaining wall comprises steel such as, for example, channel, H-steel, angle and T-steel.  
     
     
         12 . The method as defined in  claim 10 , further comprising the step of arranging a diagonal tension reinforcing bar on the underground retaining wall.  
     
     
         13 . A method for designing a structure capable of utilizing a temporary retaining wall as a permanent structure, comprising the steps of: 
 checking properties of the ground, i.e., adhesive force and friction angle of the ground to calculate the size of earth pressure, predicting water level in the ground to calculate water pressure, and calculating upper member load distributions applied on the ground and all load components applied to the retaining wall, thereby calculating the size of load applied to the building retaining wall;    calculating the load generated from the building structure, that is, all of the loads applied to the retaining wall inclusive of a fixed load by the building structure, a movable load on the building, a wind load and an earthquake load;    checking the design contents of the pre-installed temporary retaining wall, that is, the kind of the temporary retaining wall, the interval and size of the H-section steel pile and the like, to thereby calculate the stress intensity which the composite structure of the temporary retaining wall and the building retaining wall endure against the load;    determining whether the temporary retaining wall and the building retaining wall are synthesized by using only a fixing shear connecting means (i.e., a stud bolt) or by using a steel reinforcing means in addition to the fixing shear connecting means;    if it is determined that the temporary retaining wall and the building retaining wall are synthesized by using only the fixing shear connecting means (the stud bolt), executing the design for the part supported by a slab comprising calculating a center axis between the H-section steel pile and the retaining wall connected to each other by the stud bolt, calculating a maximum tensile stress generated on the H-section steel pile in the composite structure, a maximum compressive stress generated on the concrete of the retaining wall in the composite structure, and a horizontal shearing force, and determining the kind of the fixing shear connecting means and the number of the fixing shear connecting means installed; and executing the design for the space (the part between stories) between the parts supported by the slab comprising calculation of a center axis between the H-section steel pile and the retaining wall connected to each other by the stud bolt, obtaining a maximum compressive stress generated on the H-section steel pile in the composite structure, calculation a vertical reinforcing bar quantity for resisting a predetermined moment since tensile stress is generated on the concrete of the retaining wall in the composite structure, designing a reinforcing bar for preventing a failure of the fixing shear connecting means and a diagonal tension caused due to the tension generated during the ground load delivery, and calculating main reinforcing bar quantity working as the earth plate;    if it is determined that the temporary retaining wall and the building retaining wall are combined by using the steel reinforcing means partially in order to reinforce the structural yield strength, since the composite structure of the retaining wall and the H-section steel pile connected by the stud bolt lacks the stress, calculating a center axis between the H-section steel pile and the retaining wall connected to each other by the stud bolt, and executing the design for the part supported by a slab comprising calculating a maximum tensile stress generated on the H-section steel pile in the composite structure, a maximum compressive stress generated on the concrete of the retaining wall in the composite structure, and a horizontal shear stress and determining the kind of the fixing shear connecting means and the number of the fixing shear connecting means installed;    executing the design for the space (the part between stories) between parts supported by the slab comprising calculating a center axis between the H-section steel pile and the retaining wall connected to each other by the stud bolt, obtaining a maximum compressive stress generated on the H-section steel pile in the composite structure, calculating the number of vertical reinforcing bars for resisting a predetermined moment since tensile stress is generated on the concrete of the retaining wall in the composite structure, designing a reinforcing bar for preventing the failure of the fixing shear connecting means and a diagonal tension caused due to the tension generated during the ground load delivery, and executing the design for the bonding (a welding or bolt-jointing method) of the steel reinforcing means with the H-section steel pile; and    assigning minimum amount of reinforcing bar on the part where the used amount of the reinforcing bar decreases by the computation of the stress and smaller amount of the reinforcing bar is assigned compared with said minimum amount of reinforcing bar or on the part where the reinforcing bar is omitted.    
     
     
         14 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall capable of utilizing a soil nailing wall as a part of a permanent structure, comprising the steps of: 
 executing a primary excavation for the ground;    installing a primary shot-crete on a perpendicularly excavated surface in the ground;    punching the primary shot-crete surface and inserting a soil nail into said punched result, on which a wire mesh reinforcing material is installed;    inserting a fixing plate into the soil nail and installing a secondary shot-crete on the wire mesh surface; and    executing a secondary excavation for the ground and repeating the steps after the primary excavation.    
     
     
         15 . A method for building an underground composite retaining wall capable of utilizing a soil nailing wall as a part of a permanent structure, comprising the steps of: 
 determining a support point of a soil nail supported on a retaining wall by means of a fixing plate;    if determined, replacing the stiffness of the support point with an elastic support point and executing the modelling for the replaced elastic support point to extract two and three-dimensionally structural analyses;    based upon the structural analyses, determining an economical thickness of the retaining wall; and    designing the arrangement of reinforcing bars in accordance with the positions where positive and negative moments are generated and the sizes thereof.    
     
     
         16 . A method for preventing floating of a structure with increasing the friction force, comprising the steps of: 
 punching a temporary retaining wall (an earth plate, SCW, CIP, etc.);    inserting a friction means by a predetermined length toward the ground;    installing a fixing plate on the end of the friction means toward the retaining wall;    executing grouting to remove the porosity between the friction means and the ground; and    arranging retaining wall reinforcing bars and installing a form to thereby cast the concrete of the retaining wall.    
     
     
         17 . The method as defined in  claim 16 , further comprising the step of coupling a stud bolt on the outside of the building of the H-section steel pile of the temporary retaining wall.  
     
     
         18 . A method for preventing floating of a structure with increasing friction force, comprising the steps of: 
 before a form of a retaining wall is disposed, pre-installing a sleeve where a friction means is installed on the retaining wall sheeting;    after retaining wall concrete is cast and cured, disassembling the form;    protrudedly passing the friction means through the sleeve toward the temporary retaining wall;    executing grouting for removing the porosity between the sleeve and the friction means with an epoxy resin, thereby integrating the friction means with the structure; and    re-filling the back side of the retaining wall.    
     
     
         19 . A method for preventing floating of a structure with increasing friction force, comprising the steps of: 
 if the weight of a building is smaller than a floating force by water pressure, calculating the friction force between the side of the underground retaining wall and the ground against the earth pressure;    determining the length of a friction means for strengthening the friction force between an H-section steel pile and the side of the underground retaining wall and the number of the friction means required, under a shear friction design method; and    designing the length of the friction means fixed on the underground retaining wall and a fixing plate.    
     
     
         20 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in an H-section steel pile on a boundary line at which a building is installed;    driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    coupling the H-section steel pile with a concrete retaining wall by means of a fixing shear connecting means, thereby constructing an underground composite retaining wall;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure on the composite retaining wall by means of an embedded plate and assembling and disposing the girder to the center pile; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         21 . The method as defined in  claim 20 , further comprising the step of installing a jack when the girder is disposed to the center pile.  
     
     
         22 . The method as defined in  claim 20 , further comprising the step of arranging reinforcing bar for supporting earth pressure for the purpose of reinforcing a lacking yield strength caused due to the non-installation of a wale on the composite retaining wall between the girder fixed by the embedded plate and another girder.  
     
     
         23 . The method as defined in  claim 20 , further comprising the step of additionally installing, in case where the girder exhibits a weak yield strength against load such as earth pressure when the girder which is utilized as a part of a permanent structure is installed on the composite retaining wall by means of the embedded plate and assembled on the center pile, a temporary strut on the composite retaining wall, thereby reinforcing the yield strength of the girder.  
     
     
         24 . A method for building an underground structure utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in an H-section steel pile on a boundary line at which a building is installed;    driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    coupling the H-section steel pile with a concrete retaining wall by means of a fixing shear connecting means, thereby constructing a composite retaining wall;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure on the composite retaining wall by means of an embedded plate and assembling and disposing the girder to the center pile;    casting a slab concrete on a first story formed by the girder and the center pile or installing a deck plate or a PC plate to form the bottom of the first story; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work on the lower part of the bottom of the first story and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         25 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of a building is installed;    driving in a slurry wall on a boundary line at which the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure on the slurry wall by means of an embedded plate and assembling and disposing the girder to the center pile; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         26 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in an H-section steel pile on a boundary line at which a building is installed;    driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    coupling the H-section steel pile with a concrete retaining wall by means of a fixing shear connecting means, thereby constructing a composite retaining wall;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure on the composite retaining wall by means of an embedded plate and assembling and disposing the girder to the center pile;    casting a slab concrete on a first story formed by the girder and the center pile or installing a deck plate or a PC plate to form the bottom of the first story; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work on the lower part of the bottom of the first story and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         27 . The method as defined in  claim 26 , further comprising the step of simultaneously constructing the upper part of the building structure on the first story bottom.  
     
     
         28 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of a building is installed;    installing a concrete retaining wall on a boundary line at which the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    installing a wale on the concrete retaining wall;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure connecting the wale and the center pile; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         29 . The method as defined in  claim 28 , wherein said wale is selected from a honey-comb H-steel wale, a general H-steel wale, a reinforced concrete wale, a PC wale, or a steel reinforced concrete wale.  
     
     
         30 . The method as defined in  claim 28 , further comprising the step of removing said wale installing step on the concrete retaining wall by adjusting reinforcing bars in the concrete retaining wall.  
     
     
         31 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in an H-section steel pile on a boundary line at which a building is installed to form an earth construction wall;    driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    installing a wale on the earth construction wall;    installing a girder to be used as a part of a permanent structure connecting the wale and the center pile; and    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the earth is excavated up to the lowermost part of the building.    
     
     
         32 . A center pile installing method, comprising the steps of: 
 taking away the earth on a position where a pillar is disposed and installing a steel pipe of a length of 1-1.2 m as a primary guide casing on the corresponding earth;    casting concrete on the exterior of the primary guide casing, for preventing the primary guide casing from moving;    punching the earth by inserting an auger into the interior of the primary guide casing;    inserting a secondary guide casing into the interior of the primary guide casing;    mounting an air hammer or bit in the interior of the secondary guide casing to punch a base rock;    inserting a center pile into the interior of the secondary guide casing; and    filling concrete in the exterior of the center pile and the interior of the secondary guide casing and fixing the center pile.    
     
     
         33 . The method as defined in  claim 32 , further comprising the step of installing a steel guide on the top end of the secondary guide casing.  
     
     
         34 . A method for building an underground structure capable of utilizing a reinforced concrete beam of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of a building is installed;    driving in a concrete retaining wall on a boundary line at which the building is installed;    casting a reinforced concrete beam on a first story on the ground to integrate the concrete retaining wall with the top end of the center pile; carrying out a primary excavating work;    casting the reinforced concrete beam on next story bottom to couple the concrete retaining wall with the center pile;    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the excavation is completed to a lowermost story; and    building a base of the building, casting the reinforced concrete beam on the bottom of the lowermost story, and constructing the building toward the upper part thereof.    
     
     
         35 . A beam form structure comprising: 
 a support frame for supporting the beam form;    a horizontal form disposed on the support frame;    a vertical form disposed perpendicularly to the horizontal form;    a wale for supporting the vertical form;    a vertical member for supporting the wale;    a form tie bolt supported by the vertical member for maintaining the interval between the vertical forms;    a hanging bar for hanging the support frame on an upper structure; and a metal wire passing a sleeve which passes through the center of a concrete beam to be connected to a descending apparatus.    
     
     
         36 . The structure as defined in  claim 35 , further comprising a hand rail bar vertically installed on the both sides of the support frame.  
     
     
         37 . The method as defined in  claim 34 , wherein the reinforced concrete beam uses the form structure as defined in  claim 35 .  
     
     
         38 . The method as defined in any of claims  20 ,  24 ,  25 ,  26 ,  28 ,  31  and  34 , wherein the step of driving in the center pile on the position where the pillar of the building is disposed is embodied by applying the center pile installing method as defined in  claim 32 .  
     
     
         39 . A zoning construction method using a method for utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: dividing the ground where a building is constructed into a central zone and an outside zone; 
 constructing the outside zone by carrying out the steps of driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed, installing a concrete retaining wall on a boundary line at which the building is installed, installing a steel or reinforced concrete beam on a first story on the ground to integrate the concrete retaining wall with the top end of the center pile, carrying out a primary excavating work, installing the steel or reinforced concrete beam on next story bottom to couple the concrete retaining wall with the center pile, carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the excavation is completed to a lowermost story, and building a base of the building, installing the reinforced concrete beam on the bottom of the lowermost story, and constructing the building toward the upper part thereof; and    constructing the central zone under the support of the structure installed on the outside zone, without any installation of additional temporary facilities.    
     
     
         40 . The method as defined in  claim 39 , further comprising the step of installing a structure on the outside zone crossing the central zone.  
     
     
         41 . The method as defined in  claim 39 , further comprising the step of casting the concrete beam on the bottom of the first story on the ground.  
     
     
         42 . The method as defined in  claim 39 , further comprising the step of installing a bracing beam on the edge parts of the central zone.  
     
     
         43 . A zoning construction method using a method for utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: installing a temporary retaining wall along the boundary line where a building is constructed; 
 installing an earth anchor on the four corners of the temporary retaining wall;    driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is disposed in a straight line or crossed manner crossing the center of the part made by the boundary line;    carrying out a primary excavating work;    installing a beam to be used as a part of the permanent structure on the temporary retaining wall and assembling the beam on the center pile;    carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the excavation is completed to a lowermost story; and    constructing the four corners without any additional temporary facilities.    
     
     
         44 . A zoning construction method using a method for utilizing a part of a permanent structure as a strut for earth construction, comprising the steps of: 
 dividing the ground where a building is constructed into a central zone and an outside zone;    installing a temporary retaining wall along the boundary line of the central zone;    excavating the central zone and constructing a structure on the central zone;    constructing the outside zone by carrying out the steps of driving in a center pile on a position where the pillar of the building is installed, installing a concrete retaining wall on a boundary line at which the building is installed, installing a steel or reinforced concrete beam on a first story on the ground to integrate the concrete retaining wall with the top end of the center pile, carrying out a primary excavating work, installing the steel or reinforced concrete beam on next story bottom to couple the concrete retaining wall with the center pile, carrying out a secondary excavating work and repeating the steps after the primary excavating work until the excavation is completed to a lowermost story, and building a base of the building, installing the reinforced concrete beam on the bottom of the lowermost story, and constructing the building toward the upper part thereof; and    constructing the central zone under the support of the structure installed on the outside zone, without any installation of additional temporary facilities.