Driver alertness monitoring system

Abstract

A system and methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle including sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle, sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of the motor vehicle, employing at least one time relationship between the at least one first movement characteristic and the at least one second movement characteristic in order to sense and to distinguish between driver initiated movements and non-driver initiated movements and determining the alertness of the driver of the motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between the driver initiated movements and the non-driver initiated movements.

1 . A methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle;    employing at least one time relationship between said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to sense and to distinguish between driver initiated movements and non-driver initiated movements; and    determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         2 . A methodology according to  claim 1  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         3 . A methodology according to  claim 1  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         4 . A methodology according to  claim 1  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         5 . A methodology according to  claim 1  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         6 . A methodology according to  claim 3  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         7 . A methodology according to  claim 6  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         8 . A methodology according to  claim 2  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         9 . A methodology according to  claim 3  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         10 . A methodology according to  claim 4  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         11 . A methodology according to  claim 5  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         12 . A methodology according to  claim 6  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         13 . A methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 employing at least one time relationship between at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle and at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle in order to sense and to distinguish between driver initiated movements and non-driver initiated movements; and    determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         14 . A methodology according to  claim 13  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         15 . A methodology according to  claim 13  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         16 . A methodology according to  claim 13  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         17 . A methodology according to  claim 13  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         18 . A methodology according to  claim 15  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         19 . A methodology according to  claim 18  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         20 . A methodology according to  claim 14  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         21 . A methodology according to  claim 15  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         22 . A methodology according to  claim 16  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         23 . A methodology according to  claim 17  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         24 . A methodology according to  claim 18  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         25 . A methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of a motor vehicle; and    employing said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to determine the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle.    
     
     
         26 . A methodology according to  claim 25  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         27 . A methodology according to  claim 25  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         28 . A methodology according to  claim 25  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         29 . A methodology according to  claim 25  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         30 . A methodology according to  claim 27  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         31 . A methodology according to  claim 30  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         32 . A methodology according to  claim 26  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         33 . A methodology according to  claim 27  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         34 . A methodology according to  claim 28  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         35 . A methodology according to  claim 29  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         36 . A methodology according to  claim 30  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         37 . A methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle;    employing said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to sense driver initiated movements; and    determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based at least partially on said sensed driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         38 . A methodology according to  claim 37  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         39 . A methodology according to  claim 37  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         40 . A methodology according to  claim 37  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         41 . A methodology according to  claim 37  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         42 . A methodology according to  claim 39  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         43 . A methodology according to  claim 42  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         44 . A methodology according to  claim 38  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         45 . A methodology according to  claim 39  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         46 . A methodology according to  claim 40  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         47 . A methodology according to  claim 41  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         48 . A methodology according to  claim 42  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         49 . A methodology for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 sensing at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle;    sensing at least one characteristic of non-driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle; and    determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         50 . A methodology according to  claim 49  and wherein said at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         51 . A methodology according to  claim 49  and wherein said at least one characteristics of non-driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         52 . A methodology according to  claim 50  and wherein said at least one characteristics of non-driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         53 . A methodology according to  claim 50  and wherein extent of driver initiated movements includes at least one of: 
 the integrated magnitude of the driver initiated movements;  
 the RMS average of the magnitude of the driver initiated movements;  
 the number of peaks of the driver initiated movements per unit time.  
 
     
     
         54 . A methodology according to  claim 51  and wherein extent of non-driver initiated movements includes at least one of: 
 the integrated magnitude of the non-driver initiated movements;  
 the RMS average of the magnitude of the non-driver initiated movements;  
 the number of peaks of the non-driver initiated movements per unit time.  
 
     
     
         55 . A methodology according to  claim 49  and wherein said sensing at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle and said sensing at least one characteristic of non-driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle comprise sensing at least one first movement characteristic and sensing at least one second movement characteristic of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         56 . A methodology according to  claim 55  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         57 . A methodology according to  claim 56  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         58 . A methodology according to  claim 56  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         59 . A methodology according to  claim 56  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         60 . A methodology according to  claim 57  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         61 . A methodology according to  claim 60  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming p art of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         62 . A methodology according to  claim 60  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         63 . A methodology according to  claim 57  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         64 . A methodology according to  claim 58  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         65 . A methodology according to  claim 59  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         66 . A methodology according to  claim 60  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         67 . A methodology according to  claim 1  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         68 . A methodology according to  claim 13  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         69 . A methodology according to  claim 25  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         70 . A methodology according to  claim 37  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         71 . A system for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 a first sensor sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    a second sensor sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle;    a distinguisher, employing at least one time relationship between said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to sense and to distinguish between driver initiated movements and non-driver initiated movements; and    an alertness determiner, determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         72 . A system according to  claim 71  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         73 . A system according to  claim 71  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         74 . A system according to  claim 71  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         75 . A system according to  claim 71  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         76 . A system according to  claim 73  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         77 . A system according to  claim 76  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         78 . A system according to  claim 72  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         79 . A system according to  claim 73  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         80 . A system according to  claim 74  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         81 . A system according to  claim 75  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         82 . A system according to  claim 76  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         83 . A system for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 a distinguisher, employing at least one time relationship between at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle and at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle in order to sense and to distinguish between driver initiated movements and non-driver initiated movements; and    an alertness determiner, determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         84 . A system according to  claim 83  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         85 . A system according to  claim 83  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         86 . A system according to  claim 83  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         87 . A system according to  claim 83  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         88 . A system according to  claim 85  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         89 . A system according to  claim 88  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         90 . A system according to  claim 84  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         91 . A system according to  claim 85  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         92 . A system according to  claim 86  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         93 . A system according to  claim 87  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         94 . A system according to  claim 88  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         95 . A system for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 a first sensor, sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    a second sensor, sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of a motor vehicle; and    a distinguisher, employing said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to determine the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle.    
     
     
         96 . A system according to  claim 95  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         97 . A system according to  claim 95  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         98 . A system according to  claim 95  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         99 . A system according to  claim 95  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         100 . A system according to  claim 97  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         101 . A system according to  claim 100  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         102 . A system according to  claim 96  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         103 . A system according to  claim 97  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         104 . A system according to  claim 98  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         105 . A system according to  claim 99  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         106 . A system according to  claim 100  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         107 . A system for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 a first sensor, sensing at least one first movement characteristic of at least a first part of a motor vehicle;    a second sensor, sensing at least one second movement characteristic of at least a second part of said motor vehicle;    a distinguisher, employing said at least one first movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic in order to sense driver initiated movements; and    an alertness determiner, determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based at least partially on said sensed driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         108 . A system according to  claim 107  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         109 . A system according to  claim 107  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         110 . A system according to  claim 107  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         111 . A system according to  claim 107  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         112 . A system according to  claim 109  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         113 . A system according to  claim 112  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         114 . A system according to  claim 108  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         115 . A system according to  claim 109  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         116 . A system according to  claim 1   10  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         117 . A system according to  claim 11   1  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         118 . A system according to  claim 112  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         119 . A system for determining the alertness of a driver of a motor vehicle comprising: 
 a driver initiated movement sensor, sensing at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle;    a non-driver initiated movement sensor, sensing at least one characteristic of non-driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle; and    a determiner, determining the alertness of said driver of said motor vehicle based on at least one relationship between said driver initiated movements and said non-driver initiated movements.    
     
     
         120 . A system according to  claim 119  and wherein said at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         121 . A system according to  claim 119  and wherein said at least one characteristics of non-driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         122 . A system according to  claim 120  and wherein said at least one characteristics of non-driver initiated movements is extent.  
     
     
         123 . A system according to  claim 120  and wherein extent of driver initiated movements includes at least one of: 
 the integrated magnitude of the driver initiated movements;  
 the RMS average of the magnitude of the driver initiated movements;  
 the number of peaks of the driver initiated movements per unit time.  
 
     
     
         124 . A system according to  claim 121  and wherein extent of non-driver initiated movements includes at least one of: 
 the integrated magnitude of the non-driver initiated movements;  
 the RMS average of the magnitude of the non-driver initiated movements;  
 the number of peaks of the non-driver initiated movements per unit time.  
 
     
     
         125 . A system according to  claim 119  and wherein said driver initiated movement sensor sensing at least one characteristic of driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle and said non-driver initiated movement sensor sensing at least one characteristic of non-driver initiated movements of at least one part of a motor vehicle comprise a first sensor, sensing at least one first movement characteristic and a second sensor sensing at least one second movement characteristic of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         126 . A system according to  claim 125  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering wheel movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a road wheel movement characteristic.  
     
     
         127 . A system according to  claim 126  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic and the second movement characteristic comprise movement characteristics of first and second locations along a steering assembly extending from a steering wheel to at least one road wheel of said motor vehicle.  
     
     
         128 . A system according to  claim 126  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle body movement characteristic.  
     
     
         129 . A system according to  claim 126  and wherein said at least one first movement characteristic comprises a steering assembly movement characteristic and said at least one second movement characteristic comprises a vehicle chassis movement characteristic.  
     
     
         130 . A system according to  claim 127  and wherein said first and second locations are located respectively at or upstream of and at or downstream of a power steering unit forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         131 . A system according to  claim 130  and wherein said first location is at a steering wheel forming part of said steering assembly.  
     
     
         132 . A system according to  claim 130  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is angular displacement of said steering wheel; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is a steering angle of at least one road wheel.  
 
     
     
         133 . A system according to  claim 127  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         134 . A system according to  claim 128  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         135 . A system according to  claim 129  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is acceleration in at least one direction.  
 
     
     
         136 . A system according to  claim 130  and wherein: 
 said at least one first movement characteristic is displacement; and  
 said at least one second movement characteristic is displacement.  
 
     
     
         137 . A system according to  claim 78  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         138 . A system according to  claim 83  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         139 . A system according to  claim 95  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         140 . A system according to  claim 107  and wherein said determining also employs the speed of the vehicle.  
     
     
         141 . A system according to  claim 71  and also comprising a driver alertness alarm, responsive to an alarm from said driver alertness determiner for providing an alarm to a driver deemed not to be sufficiently alert.  
     
     
         142 . A system according to  claim 83  and also comprising a driver alertness alarm, responsive to an alarm from said driver alertness determiner for providing an alarm to a driver deemed not to be sufficiently alert.  
     
     
         143 . A system according to  claim 95  and also comprising a driver alertness alarm, responsive to an alarm from said driver alertness determiner for providing an alarm to a driver deemed not to be sufficiently alert.  
     
     
         144 . A system according to  claim 107  and also comprising a driver alertness alarm, responsive to an alarm from said driver alertness determiner for providing an alarm to a driver deemed not to be sufficiently alert.  
     
     
         145 . A system according to  claim 119  and also comprising a driver alertness alarm, responsive to an alarm from said driver alertness determiner for providing an alarm to a driver deemed not to be sufficiently alert.