US2002175313A1PendingUtilityA1
Nonazeotropic working fluid media for use in thermodynamic cycle applications
Priority: Jan 24, 1992Filed: Mar 21, 2002Published: Nov 28, 2002
Est. expiryJan 24, 2012(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Chujun Gu
C09K 5/044C09K 2205/124C09K 2205/34C09K 2205/12C09K 2205/122F25B 9/006C09K 5/045
39
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Claims
Abstract
A nonazeotropic working fluid medium for use in a thermodynamic cycle system, comprising a mixture of compounds and characterized in that one or more vaporization loss/replenishment cycles of each less than about 15% of the total weight of the medium and cumulative up to about 50% of the total weight of the medium result in a total decrease in the coefficient of performance of said medium of no more than about 5%, or a loss in electric power generating efficiency of not more than about 3 percent.
Claims
exact text as granted — not AI-modifiedWhat is claimed is:
1 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.02-0.2
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.4-0.64
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.1-0.45,
wherein the normal boiling point of CHClF 2 (R22) is the lowest among the three compounds.
2 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1 , wherein the compounds and their weight concentrations are as follows:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.02-0.2
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.5-0.64
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.1-0.45.
3 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1 , wherein the compounds and their weight concentrations are as follows:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.09
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.62
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.29.
4 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 1 , wherein the weight concentration of the compound CHClF 2 (R22) ranges from 0.4 to one of the following: 0.63, 0.62, 0.61, 0.60, 0.59, 0.58, 0.56, 0.53, 0.52, and 0.51.
5 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of three compounds P, X and Y of the formula C n H m Cl x F y , wherein:
(a) n is an integer, and m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0; (b) the normal boiling point of compound P is the lowest among the three compounds, and each of the compounds X and Y has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A: −45° to −35° C.
B: −35° to −20° C.
C: −20° to 0° C.
D: 0° to 25° C.
E: 25° to 35° C.
F: 55° to 90° C.
G: 90° to 135° C.;
(c) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) P, X and Y has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and (d) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows: No two cpds. in Two cpds. in same b.p. range same b.p. range b.p. of X is less than Y and P > 0.45 P > 0.40 each is in range A 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < X < 0.58 0.01 < Y < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.58 b.p. of X is less than Y and P > 0.46 P > 0.40 each is in range B 0.01 < X < 0.52 0.01 < X < 0.57 0.01 < Y < 0.52 0.01 < Y < 0.57 b.p. of X is less than Y; P > 0.47 P > 0.40 b.p. of X is in range B 0.01 < X < 0.51 0.01 < X < 0.56 and b.p. of Y is in range C 0.01 < Y < 0.51 0.01 < Y < 0.56 b.p. of X is at least in range B and P > 0.50 P > 0.45 b.p. of Y is at least in range D 0.01 < X < 0.48 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.48 0.01 < Y < 0.53.
6 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 , wherein compound P comprises CHClF 2 (R22).
7 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.02-0.2
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.4-0.7
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.1-0.45.
8 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.02-0.2
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.4-0.64
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.1-0.45.
9 . The nonazeotropic working fluid medium of claim 5 comprising a mixture of the following three compounds in their weight concentrations:
CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a)
0.09
CHClF 2 (R22)
0.62
CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a)
0.29.
10 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium comprising a mixture of compounds of P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn of the formula C n H m Cl x F y , wherein:
(a) n is an integer, m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0; (b) the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the n+1 compounds, and each of the remaining compounds (X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A: −40° to −35° C.
B: −35° to −20° C.
C: −20° to 0° C.
D: 0° to 25° C.
E: 25° to 35° C.
F: 55° to 90° C.
G: 90° to 135° C.;
(c) either no two of said compounds (P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same; and (d) the concentrations of the compounds in the medium are as follows: No two Cpds. in Two Cpds. in same b.p. range same b.p. range b.p. of P > 0.33 P > 0.30 X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and 0.01 < X1 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) each is in range A 0.01 < X2 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.70 − N × 0.01) b.p. of P > 0.34 P > 0.31 X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and 0.01 < X1 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) each is in range B 0.01 < X2 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.69 − N × 0.01) b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn, P > 0.35 P > 0.32 with at least one b.p. in 0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) range C and the rest in 0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) range B 0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.68 − N × 0.01) b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn P > 0.38 P > 0.35 and b.p.’s of X1, X2, X3, . . . , 0.01 < X1 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) Xi (3 < i < n) are at least in 0.01 < X2 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) range B and b.p.’s of 0.01 < X3 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) X(i + 1), . . . , Xn are at least in 0.01 < Xn < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 × Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01). range D
11 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium for use in a thermodynamic cycle system, comprising a mixture of compounds and characterized in that, when subject to one or more vaporization loss/replenishment cycles,
(a) the weight of the medium changes by less than about 15% of the total original weight of the medium, per cycle; and (b) cumulatively, over all cycles, the weight of the medium changes by no more than about 50% of the total original weight of the medium, resulting in:
(i) a total decrease in the coefficient of performance of said medium of no more than about 5%; or
(ii) a loss in electric power generating efficiency of not more than about 3 percent.
12 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein the compounds are CHClF 2 (R22) and at least one compound of the formula C 2 H x X y wherein x and y are integers, y is greater than 1, x+y=6, and each X in a given compound can be independently chlorine or fluorine.
13 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are CHClF 2 (R22) and two other compounds X and Y of the formula C n H m Cl x F y wherein n is 1 or 2, m and x are each independently integers of 0 or more, y is an integer of 1 or more, and each of said two other compounds has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −41° to −35° C.
B −35° to −20° C.
C −20° to 0° C.
D 0° to 25° C.
E 25° to 35° C.
F 55° to 90° C.
G 90° to 135° C.;
(b) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) (R22, X, Y) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and
(c) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows:
No two Cpds. Two Cpds. in same b.p. in same b.p. range range b.p. of X less than Y and R22 > 0.45 R22 > 0.40 each is in range A 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < X < 0.58 0.01 < Y < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.58 b.p. of X less than Y and R22 > 0.46 R22 > 0.41 one is in range B 0.01 < X < 0.52 0.01 < X < 0.57 0.01 < Y < 0.52 0.01 < Y < 0.57 b.p. of X less than Y and R22 > 0.47 R22 > 0.42 each is in range B and C, 0.01 < X < 0.51 0.01 < X < 0.56 respectively 0.01 < X < 0.51 0.01 < Y < 0.56 b.p. of X is at least in range B and R22 > 0.50 R22 > 0.45 b.p. of Y is at least in range D 0.01 < X < 0.48 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.48 0.01 < Y < 0.53
14 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are three compounds P, X and Y of the formula C n H m Cl x F y wherein n is an integer, and m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0, the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the three compounds, and each of said compounds X and Y has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −45° to −35° C.
B −35° to −20° C.
C −20° to 0° C.
D 0° to 25° C.
E 25° to 35° C.
F 55° to 90° C.
G 90° to 135° C.;
(b) either no two of said compounds (cpds.) (P, X, Y), has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same boiling point range; and
(c) the proportions of the compounds in the medium are as follows:
No two cpds. in Two cpds. in same b.p. range same b.p. range b.p. of X less than Y and P > 0.45 P > 0.40 each is in range A 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < X < 0.58 0.01 < Y < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.58 b.p. of X less than Y and P > 0.46 P > 0.40 each is in range B 0.01 < X < 0.52 0.01 < X < 0.57 0.01 < Y < 0.52 0.01 < Y < 0.57 b.p. of X less than Y and P > 0.47 P > 0.40 b.p. of X is in range B and 0.01 < X < 0.51 0.01 < X < 0.56 b.p. of Y is in range C 0.01 < Y < 0.51 0.01 < Y < 0.56 b.p. of X is at least in range B P > 0.50 P > 0.45 b.p. of Y is at least in range D 0.01 < X < 0.48 0.01 < X < 0.53 0.01 < Y < 0.48 0.01 < Y < 0.53
15 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 11 wherein:
(a) the compounds are P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn of the formula C n H m Cl x F y wherein n is an integer, m, x and y are each independently integers of 0 or more, but m, x and y are not all 0, the normal boiling point of P is the lowest of the n+1 compounds, and each of the remaining compounds (X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point within one of the following seven ranges (A-G):
A −45° to −35° C.
B −35° to −20° C.
C −20° to 0° C.
D 0° to 25° C.
E 25° to 35° C.
F 55° to 90° C.
G 90° to 135° C.;
(b) either no two of said compounds (P, X1, X2, X3, . . . ,Xn) has a normal boiling point (b.p.) within the same boiling point range or at least two have a normal boiling point within the same; and
(c) the concentrations of the compounds in the medium are as follows:
No two Cpds. in same b.p. Two Cpds. in same b.p. range range b.p. of P > 0.33 P > 0.30 X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and 0.01 < X1 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) each is in range A 0.01 < X2 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.70 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.67 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.70 − N × 0.01) b.p. of P > 0.34 P > 0.31 X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn and 0.01 < X1 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) each is in range B 0.01 < X2 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.69 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.66 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.69 − N × 0.01) b.p. of P > 0.35 P > 0.32 X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn, with at 0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) least one b.p. in range C and 0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) the rest in range B 0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.68 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.68 − N × 0.01) b.p. of X1 < X2 < X3 < . . . < Xn P > 0.38 P > 0.35 and b.p.’s of X1, X2, X3, . . . , 0.01 < X1 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X1 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) Xi(3 < i < n) are at least in 0.01 < X2 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X2 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) range B and b.p.’s of 0.01 < X3 < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < X3 < (0.65 − N × 0.01) X(i + 1), . . . , Xn are at least in 0.01 < Xn < (0.62 − N × 0.01) 0.01 < Xn < (0.65 − N × 0.01). range D
16 . A nonazeotropic working fluid medium according to claim 12 comprising additionally one or more compounds selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons of the formula C 4 H 10 and compounds of the formula CH m Cl n F 3 wherein one of m and n is 1 and the other is 0.
17 . A method of formulating a nonazeotropic working fluid medium exhibiting vaporization loss stability from at least, three compounds, the method comprising:
selecting a first compound having a first boiling point in a first range from the rest of ranges comprising:
A −45° to −35° C.
B −35° to −20° C.
C −20° to 0° C.
D 0° to 25° C.
E 25° to 35° C.
F 55° to 90° C.
G 90° to 135° C.;
selecting a second compound having a second boiling point that is greater than the first boiling point; selecting a third compound having a third boiling point that is greater than the first boiling point; and combining the first, second, and third compounds to form the nonazeotropic working fluid medium.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the first compound comprises CHClF 2 (R22).
19 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the second compound comprises CH(CH 3 ) 3 (R600a).
20 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the third compound comprises CH 3 CHF 2 (R152a).Join the waitlist — get patent alerts
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