Foundation wall for a structure

Abstract

The present invention concerns a foundation wall for a structure and the process for producing such a wall. The foundation wall is characterized by the fact that it contains a single course of hollow blocks ( 2 ), aligned by being joined adjacent to each other, and each consisting of a single part, the footing ( 3 ) of which is integral with the foundation ( 4 ) of the structure, and the top of which has, an essentially U-shape cross section for forming a frame ( 6 ) for receiving the horizontal anchoring. The invention finds application in the construction field.

1 . Foundation wall for a structure, such as a residential dwelling, characterized by the fact that it contains a single course of aligned hollow blocks ( 2 ) arranged adjacently each consisting of a single part, the footing ( 3 ) of which is integral with the foundation ( 5 ) of the structure, and the top of which has an essentially U-shaped cross section, forming a frame ( 6 ) for receiving the horizontal anchoring.  
     
     
         2 . Foundation wall according to  claim 1 , characterized by the fact that each foundation block ( 2 ) has the general form of a rectangular parallelepiped, arranged vertically so that the end faces respectively form the footing ( 3 ) and the top of the block, and by the fact that one ( 7 ) of the vertical base faces of the block, intended to be joined in contact with the base face ( 7 ) of the adjacent face ( 2 ), contains a vertical groove ( 8 ) that extends from the bottom ( 6   a ) of frame ( 6 ) to the footing ( 3 ), to define between two joined adjacent blocks ( 2 ) a vertical shaft of rectangular cross section ( 9 ), into which concrete ( 21 ) can be poured to join the two blocks together.  
     
     
         3 . Foundation wall according to  claim 2 , characterized by the fact that the external base face ( 10 ) of each block ( 2 ), perpendicular to the face ( 7 ) contained in the groove ( 8 ), contains on each of its ends a vertical rabbet ( 11 ), which can define with the vertical rabbet ( 11 ) of the external base face ( 10 ) of an adjacent juxtaposed block ( 2 ) an external vertical groove ( 12 ) that can be filled with cement mortar for joining the two blocks.  
     
     
         4 . Foundation wall according to  claim 2  or  3 , characterized by the fact that the solidification concrete ( 21 ) of the two adjacent blocks ( 2 ) is the concrete that is poured to fix the anchoring reinforcement ( 20 ) in the frame ( 6 ) on top of the blocks ( 2 ) joined adjacent to each other.  
     
     
         5 . Foundation wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the foundation blocks ( 2 ) have their footings ( 3 ) fixed to the reinforced concrete foundation ( 4 ) of the structure by means of a bed of cement mortar ( 5 ).  
     
     
         6 . Foundation wall according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that the footing ( 3 ) of each foundation block ( 2 ) contains two parallel grooves ( 13 ), separated from each other by a vertical partition ( 14 ) and extending in the direction of alignment of the blocks ( 2 ) to promote anchoring of the block to the foundation ( 4 ) of the structure.  
     
     
         7 . Foundation wall according to one of the  claims 2  to  6 , characterized by the fact that each foundation block ( 2 ) contains parallel internal weight reduction cavities ( 18 ) that open to the base face ( 17 ) opposite the face ( 7 ) containing the vertical groove ( 8 ) and that extend toward the latter in the direction of alignment of blocks ( 2 ).  
     
     
         8 . Process for making a foundation wall, as defined in any of the preceding claims, characterized by the fact that it consists of forming a trench in the ground; producing a reinforced concrete foundation ( 4 ) for it at the bottom of the trench; arranging a bed of cement mortar ( 5 ) on foundation ( 4 ); positioning a single course of hollow blocks ( 2 ) on the bed of cement mortar ( 5 ), arranged vertically so as to be joined, one next to the other, by their vertical faces ( 7 ), some of which define between them vertical shafts of rectangular cross section ( 9 ), blocks ( 2 ) having their footings ( 3 ) anchored in the bed of cement mortar ( 5 ); pouring concrete ( 21 ) into the frame ( 6 ) defined at the top of the aligned hollow blocks ( 2 ) that form the horizontal anchoring around the structure, the concrete ( 21 ) being poured into vertical shafts ( 9 ) to join the adjacent hollow blocks ( 2 ) together and representing stiffening posts ( 22 ); and filling the vertical grooves ( 12 ) formed between the external faces ( 10 ) of the hollow blocks ( 2 ) with cement mortar to produce an external surface with smooth appearance.  
     
     
         9 . Method according to  claim 8 , characterized by the fact that it also consists of arranging an insulation plate of material based on polystyrene ( 23 ) on the internal faces ( 16 ) of the hollow blocks ( 2 ), and with a height essentially equal to that of each hollow block; returning the soil ( 24 ) on each side of the foundation wall ( 1 ) to a specified height; producing a compact backfill ( 25 ) above the ground girdled by the foundation wall ( 1 ); and producing a reinforced concrete slab ( 26 ) of the structure on the backfill ( 25 ), so that the slab ( 26 ) is essentially flush with the upper surfaces of the polystyrene plate ( 23 ) and the hollow blocks ( 2 ).  
     
     
         10 . Hollow block or terracotta block to produce a foundation wall of a structure, such as a residential dwelling, characterized by the fact that it is made in a single piece to simultaneously contain a footing ( 3 ) for fixing to a support, such as the foundation ( 4 ) of the structure, and an upper frame ( 6 ) with a cross section essentially in the shape of a U that permits receiving of concrete ( 21 ) for the horizontal anchoring around the structure.  
     
     
         11 . Foundation block according to  claim 10 , characterized by the fact that it has the general form of a rectangular parallelepiped that can be arranged vertically, and that it contains, on one ( 7 ) of its base faces, a groove ( 8 ) extending from the bottom ( 6   a ) of the upper frame ( 6 ) to the footing ( 3 ), whereas another ( 10 ) of its base faces, perpendicular to the base face ( 10 ) containing groove ( 8 ), contains, on each of its ends, a rabbet ( 11 ) parallel to groove ( 8 ).  
     
     
         12 . Foundation block according to  claim 10  or  11 , characterized by the fact that its footing ( 3 ) contains two parallel grooves ( 13 ), separated from each other by a partition ( 14 ) and extending through block ( 2 ) parallel to the base face ( 10 ) containing the two rabbets ( 11 ).  
     
     
         13 . Foundation block according to one of the  claims 10  to  12 , characterized by the fact that it contains internal cavities with a rectangular cross section ( 18 ) that extend parallel to the base face ( 10 ) containing the two rabbets ( 11 ), opening only to the base face ( 17 ) opposite the face ( 7 ) containing the groove ( 8 ), and by the fact that the cavities are separated from each other by a median wall ( 19 ) parallel to the base face ( 10 ) to define two columns of at least two courses of cavities ( 18 ) that permit breaking of the block to reduce its height.