Thermopolymerizable composition and use thereof

Abstract

Disclosed are (1) a thermopolymerizable composition containing a thermopolymerizable compound containing a (meth)acrylate having a moiety including oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon and/or carbonate in the molecule, at least one electrolyte, and a polymerization initiator which is an organic peroxide containing no benzene ring, (2) a solid electrolyte obtained by thermally curing the composition, and (3) a primary battery, a secondary battery and electric double layer capacitor including the solid electrolyte, as well as a production method thereof. The polymer solid electrolyte obtained from the thermopolymerizable composition has high ion conductivity and good stability and the primary battery and secondary battery produced using the polymer solid electrolyte are operable at high capacity and high current, has a long-term service life and high reliability, and can be produced at low costs. Further the electric double layer capacitor is high in output voltage, and outputs a large amount of current, has high working ability, has a long-term service life and high reliability, and can be produced at low costs.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A thermopolymerizable composition comprising at least one thermopolymerizable compound having a polymerizable functional group which compound becomes a polymer having a cross-linked and/or side-chained structure upon polymerization, at least one electrolyte and at least one polymerization initiator, wherein said thermopolymerizable compound contains a compound having a polymerizable functional group, represented by the following formula (1) and/or formula (2):  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
       
       [wherein R 1  and R 3  independently represent hydrogen or an alkyl group, R 2  and R 5  independently represent a divalent group containing oxyalkylene, fluorocarbon, oxyfluorocarbon, and/or carbonate, R 4  represents a divalent group having 10 or less carbon atoms, R 2 , R 4  and R 5  each may contain a hetero atom and may have any of linear, branched and cyclic structures, and x is 0 or an integer of from 1 to 10, provided that when a plurality of polymerizable functional groups represented by formula (1) or (2) are present in the same molecule, R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5  and x among the respective polymerizable functional groups may be the same or different], 
 and said polymerization initiator is an organic peroxide represented by the following formula (3):  
                     
 [wherein X represents an alkyl or alkoxy group which may have a substituent, Y represents an alkyl group which may have a substituent, X and Y each may have any of linear, branched and cyclic structures, and m and n each represents 0 or 1, provided that a combination of (m,n)=(0,1) is excluded].  
 
     
     
         2 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said organic peroxide is selected from diacylperoxides, peroxydicarbonates and peroxyesters containing no benzene ring.  
     
     
         3 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said organic peroxide has an active oxygen amount of from 10 to 150 ppm-based on the thermopolymerizable composition and the temperature necessary for obtaining a 10-hour half-life period of the active oxygen amount is from 40 to 70° C.  
     
     
         4 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in claim  1 , wherein said polymerizable composition further contains at least one non-aqueous organic solvent selected from carbonate esters, aliphatic esters, ethers, lactones, sulfoxides and amides, and the content of said organic solvent is 300 wt % or more-based on the thermopolymerizable compound.  
     
     
         5 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in  claim 1 , which contains at least one inorganic particle having an average diameter of from 0.005 to 100 μm.  
     
     
         6 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in  claim 1 , wherein said electrolyte is at least one selected from alkali metal salts, quaternary ammnonium salts, quaternary phosphonium salts, transition metal salts and protonic acids.  
     
     
         7 . The thermopolymerizable composition as claimed in  claim 6 , wherein said at least one electrolyte is LiPF 6  and/or LiBF 4  and/or LiAsF 6  and/or LiN(A-SO 2 ) 2  where A is a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.  
     
     
         8 . A solid polymer electrolyte obtained by thermopolymerizing the thermopolymerizable composition described in any one of  claims 1  to  7 .  
     
     
         9 . An electrode for a battery or an electric double layer capacitor, comprising the solid polymer electrolyte described in  claim 8  and an electrode-active material or a polarizable material.  
     
     
         10 . A battery including the solid polymer electrolyte described in  claim 8 .  
     
     
         11 . The battery as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the negative electrode of said battery comprises lithium, a lithium alloy, a carbon material capable of occluding or releasing lithium ion, or an inorganic compound capable of occluding or releasing lithium ion.  
     
     
         12 . The battery as claimed in  claim 10 , wherein the positive electrode of said battery comprises an electrically conductive polymer, a metal oxide, a metal sulfide and/or a carbon material.  
     
     
         13 . An electric double layer capacitor using the solid polymer electrolyte described in  claim 8 .  
     
     
         14 . A method for producing a battery, comprising injecting at least one thermopolymerizable composition described in any one of  claims 1  to  7  into a structural body for constructing a battery or placing it on a support, and then curing the thermopolymerizable composition by heating.  
     
     
         15 . A method for producing an electric double layer capacitor, comprising injecting at least one thermopolymerizable composition described in any one of  claims 1  to  7  into a structural body for constituting an electric double layer capacitor or placing it on a support, and then curing the thermopolymerizable composition by heating.