Methods for achieving improved color in microencapsulated electrophoretic devices

Abstract

A method for manufacturing a full color, reflective display includes the steps of depositing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a first electrode and a second plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a second electrode. The electrophoretic display elements include a capsule containing a species of particles dispersed in a suspending fluid. The selective deposition of the display elements can be achieved by ink-jet printing methods, screen printing methods or other printing methods. In some embodiments the electrodes are printed onto the substrate before selective deposition of the display elements, while in other embodiments the substrate is provided having the electrodes already disposed on it. In still other embodiments, the sequence of printing of electrodes and electrophoretic display elements can be varied.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method of manufacturing a color electrophoretic display comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a substrate having at least two electrodes disposed thereon;    (b) selectively depositing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a first electrode, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property; and    (c) selectively depositing a second plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a second electrode, each of said second plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a second species of particles, said second species of particles responsive to a second applied electric field and having a second optical property.    
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises the step of: providing a substrate having at least two electrodes disposed thereon, at least one of said at least two electrodes having a pre-determined pattern.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (a) comprises the steps of: 
 (a-a) providing a substrate; and    (a-b) depositing at least two electrodes on said substrate.    
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 3 ,wherein step (a-b) comprises depositing at least two electrodes on said substrate, at least one of said at least two electrodes having a predetermined pattern.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively depositing by ink-jet printing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with the at least one electrode, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively depositing by screen printing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with the at least one electrode, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively depositing by gravure printing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with the at least one electrode, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein step (b) comprises: 
 (b-a) providing a carrier bearing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property;    (b-b) disposing said carrier adjacent said substrate; and    (b-c) applying an electrical signal to said at least one electrode to transfer at least some of said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements from said carrier to said substrate in substantial registration with said at least one electrode.    
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein step (b-a) comprises providing a carrier bearing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles and a dyed fluid, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements is held upon said carrier by an applied electric field.  
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements is held upon said carrier by electrostatic forces.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements is held upon said carrier by chemical bonding forces.  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements is held upon said carrier by surface tension.  
     
     
         14 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein step (b-a) comprises providing a carrier having a substantially flat surface, and bearing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         15 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein step (b-a) comprises providing a carrier having a substantially cylindrical surface, and bearing a first plurality of display electrophoretic elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         16 . The method of  claim 4 , wherein step (b-a) comprises providing a carrier that is a fluid, bearing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         17 . An electrophoretic display manufactured according to the process of  claim 1 .  
     
     
         18 . A method of manufacturing an electrophoretic display comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a substrate;    (b) selectively depositing in a pre-determined pattern upon said substrate a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property;    (c) selectively depositing at least one electrode upon said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements;    (d) selectively depositing in a pre-determined pattern upon said substrate a second plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said second plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a second species of particles, said second species of particles responsive to a second applied electric field and having a second optical property; and    (e) selectively depositing at least one electrode upon said second plurality of electrophoretic display elements.    
     
     
         19 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively depositing in a pre-determined pattern upon said substrate a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles and a dyed fluid, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         20 . The method of  claim 18 , wherein step (c) comprises selectively depositing at least one electrode upon, and in substantial registration with, said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements.  
     
     
         21 . A method of manufacturing an electrophoretic display comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a substrate;    (b) selectively depositing upon said substrate at least two electrodes;    (c) selectively depositing a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a first electrode, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property; and    (d) selectively depositing a second plurality of electrophoretic display elements in substantial registration with a second electrode, each of said second plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a second species of particles, said second species of particles responsive to a second applied electric field and having a second optical property.    
     
     
         22 . The method of  claim 21 , wherein step (b) comprises selectively depositing in a pre-determined pattern upon id substrate at least two electrodes.  
     
     
         23 . The method of  claim 22 , wherein step (c) comprises selectively depositing upon, and in substantial registration with, a first electrode a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property.  
     
     
         24 . A method of manufacturing an electrophoretic display comprising the steps of: 
 (a) providing a first substrate;    (b) selectively depositing in a pre-determined pattern upon said first substrate a first plurality of electrophoretic display elements, each of said first plurality of display elements comprising a capsule containing a plurality of a first species of particles, said first species of particles responsive to a first applied electric field and having a first optical property;    (c) providing a second substrate;    (d) depositing at least one electrode upon said second substrate; and    (e) disposing said first substrate adjacent said second substrate with said first plurality of electrophoretic display elements adjacent said at least one electrode.    
     
     
         25 . The method of  claim 24 , wherein step (d) comprises depositing at least one electrode upon said second substrate in a pattern substantially calculated to match said pre-determined pattern.