Method and making bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cells

Abstract

A Li-ion battery cell comprising a polymeric matrix positive electrode layer member, a polymeric matrix negative electrode layer member, and an interposed microporous polyolefin separator layer member is laminated into a unitary, flexible cell structure by means of heat and pressure without necessity for applied interlayer adhesive. A primary plasticizer for the electrode member matrix polymer is included in the electrode layer compositions. During the lamination operation, which may be carried out at a moderate-temperature that does not compromise the thermal shutdown capability of the microporous separator, the plasticizer softens the polymer into a thermoplastic adhesive which forms an effective bond to the untreated polyolefin surface in the region of the electrode/separator interface. The plasticizer dissipates from the composition along with residual lamination heat or may be extracted with solvent or supercritical fluid, thereby enabling the electrode polymer alone to form a strong, permanent bond to the polyolefin separator member.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method of making a bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cell structure comprising an assemblage of positive and negative electrode layer members having a separator layer member interposed therebetween, each of said electrode members comprising a polymeric matrix composition and said separator member comprising a microporous polyolefin membrane exhibiting a property of pore collapse at temperatures above a threshold temperature, and each of said members being bonded at its respective interfaces to contiguous members to form a unitary multilayer, planar, electrochemical cell structure characterized in that 
 a) each said polymeric electrode member composition is prepared comprising a primary plasticizer for the matrix polymer thereof;    b) a surface of said electrode member composition is assembled contiguous to a porous surface of said separator membrane;    c) said assemblage is subjected to laminating pressure and temperature, said temperature being below said threshold and sufficient to enable said plasticizer to soften the matrix polymer of its composition and form in said composition a thermoplastic adhesive interface with said separator membrane surface; and    d) said adhesive interface is cooled to thereby form an adhesive interface bond between said contiguous electrode and separator surfaces.    
     
     
         2 . A method according to  claim 1  comprising the further step wherein said plasticizer is at least partially removed from said adhesive interface.  
     
     
         3 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein said plasticizer is removed by means of evaporation.  
     
     
         4 . A method according to  claim 2  wherein said plasticizer is removed by means of solvent or supercritical-fluid extraction.  
     
     
         5 . A method according to  claim 1  characterized in that 
 a) said matrix polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymers and copolymers of vinyl chloride, acrylonitrile, methyl methacrylate, ethylene oxide, vinylidene chloride, and vinylidene fluoride; and  
 b) said primary plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of alkylene carbonates, dialkyl phthalates, dialkyl succinates, dialkyl adipates, dialkyl sebacates, trialkyl phosphates, polyalkylene glycol ethers and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         6 . A method according to  claim 5  wherein 
 a) said matrix polymer is selected from the group consisting of polymers and copolymers of vinylidene fluoride; and  
 b) said primary plasticizer is selected from the group consisting of alkylene carbonates and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         7 . A method according to  claim 6  wherein said primary plasticizer consists essentially of propylene carbonate.  
     
     
         8 . A method according to  claim 7  wherein said propylene carbonate plasticizer is present in said electrode composition in an amount of between about 60% and 300% by weight of said matrix polymer.  
     
     
         9 . A bonded-electrode rechargeable electrochemical cell structure comprising an assemblage of positive and negative electrode layer members having a separator layer member interposed therebetween, each of said electrode members comprising a polymeric matrix composition and said separator member comprising a microporous polyolefin membrane exhibiting a property of pore collapse at temperatures above a threshold temperature, and each of said members being bonded at its respective interfaces to contiguous members to form a unitary multilayer, planar, electrochemical cell structure characterized in that 
 the interface bond between said separator member and an electrode member consists essentially of matrix polymer of said electrode member.