Luminescent device and method of manufacturing same

Abstract

Disclosed are a luminescent device and electric appliance which have low power consumption and a long life. An organic luminescent element is provided by a scheme that a region 204 b where the concentrations of first and second organic compounds change gradually is provided in the organic compound layer 203 b, a region 201 b where the first organic compound can express its function is formed, and a region 202 b where the second organic compound can express its function is formed. Thereby the functions of the individual materials are allowed to express. This scheme provides an organic luminescent element which has low power consumption and a long life. A luminescent device and electric appliance are manufactured by using the organic luminescent element.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising: 
 an anode;    a cathode; and    an organic compound layer interposed between said anode and said cathode, comprising at least two compounds selected from the group of a hole injection compound which receives holes from said anode, an electron injection compound which receives electrons from said cathode, a hole transport compound, an electron transport compound, a blocking compound and a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission,    wherein one of said two compounds is at least a high-molecular compound, and    wherein a mixed region in which said two compounds are mixed is located apart from said anode and said cathode.    
     
     
         2 . The luminescent device according to  claim 1 , wherein said two compounds are hosts and a guest is added in said mixed region.  
     
     
         3 . The luminescent device according to  claim 2 , wherein said guest is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         4 . A luminescent device comprising comprising an organic luminescent element comprising: 
 an anode;    a cathode;    an organic compound layer interposed between said anode and said cathode, comprising a first organic compound which is a high-molecular compound and a second organic compound which is a high-molecular compound different from said first organic compound, and    a mixed region in the organic ompound layer, where said first organic compound and said second organic compound are mixed.    
     
     
         5 . The luminescent device according to  claim 4 , wherein concentrations of said first and second organic compounds change continuously in said mixed region.  
     
     
         6 . The luminescent device according to  claim 5 , wherein there is a region where a detection amount of an element which is detected by SIMS in elements constituting said first organic compound or said second organic compound, changes continuously from said anode to said cathode.  
     
     
         7 . The luminescent device according to  claim 5 , wherein said organic compound layer comprises elements of a group  15  to a group  17  and there is a region where a detection amount of said elements which is detectable by SIMS changes continuously in a direction from said anode to said cathode.  
     
     
         8 . The luminescent device according to  claim 7 , wherein said group  17  element is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.  
     
     
         9 . The luminescent device according to  claim 4 , wherein said first organic compound is a hole transport compound and said second organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         10 . The luminescent device according to  claim 9 , wherein said first organic compound is a high-molecular compound including π electrons and is chemically doped.  
     
     
         11 . The luminescent device according to  claim 9 , wherein said first organic compound is selected from the group consisting of a polythiophene derivative, a polyaniline derivative and a polyvinylcarbazole derivative.  
     
     
         12 . The luminescent device according to  claim 9 , wherein said second organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a polyparaphenylenevinylene derivative, a polydialkylfluorene derivative, a polyvinylcarbazole derivative and a polyphenylene derivative.  
     
     
         13 . The luminescent device according to  claim 4 , wherein said first organic compound is an electron transport compound and said second organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         14 . The luminescent device according to  claim 13 , wherein said first organic compound is a high-molecular compound including π electrons and is chemically doped.  
     
     
         15 . The luminescent device according to  claim 13 , wherein said second organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a polyparaphenylenevinylene derivative, a polydialkylfluorene derivative, a polyvinylcarbazole derivative, and a polyphenylene derivative.  
     
     
         16 . The luminescent device according to  claim 4 , wherein said organic compound layer comprises a third organic compound different from said first and second organic compounds and, is added as a guest in a region comprising both said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         17 . The luminescent device according to  claim 16 , wherein each of said first organic compound and said second organic compound is compound selected from the group consisting of a hole injection compound which receives holes from said anode, an electron injection compound which receives electrons from said cathode, a hole transport compound, an electron transport compound and a blocking compound capable of inhibiting electron transfer, and said third organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         18 . The luminescent device according to  claim 16 , wherein said third organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission from a triplet excited state.  
     
     
         19 . The luminescent device according to  claim 18 , wherein said third organic compound is one of a metal complex having platinum as a central metal and a metal complex having iridium as a central metal.  
     
     
         20 . The luminescent device according to  claim 16 , wherein said third organic compound has a larger energy difference between a highest occupied molecular orbital and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         21 . The luminescent device according to  claim 16 , wherein said third organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a phenanthroline derivative, an oxadiazole derivative and a triazole derivative.  
     
     
         22 . The luminescent device according to  claim 16 , wherein said third organic compound is a metal complex comprising a metal element and a detection region of said metal element detectable by SIMS comprises both said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         23 . The luminescent device according to  claim 22 , wherein said metal element is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc and beryllium.  
     
     
         24 . The luminescent device according to  claim 22 , wherein said metal element is selected from the group consisting of iridium and platinum.  
     
     
         25 . A luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising: 
 an anode;    a cathode;    an organic compound layer interposed between said anode and said cathode, comprising a first organic compound which is a high-molecular compound and a second organic compound which is a low-molecular compound and which is capable of a vacuum evaporation,    a mixed region in the organic ompound layer, where said first organic compound and said second organic compound are mixed.    
     
     
         26 . The luminescent device according to  claim 25 , wherein concentrations of said first and second organic compounds change continuously in said mixed region.  
     
     
         27 . The luminescent device according to  claim 26 , wherein there is a region where a detection amount of an element which is detected by SIMS in elements constituting said first organic compound or said second organic compound, changes continuously from said anode to said cathode.  
     
     
         28 . The luminescent device according to  claim 26 , wherein said organic compound layer comprises elements of a group  15  to a group  17  and there is a region where a detection amount of said elements which is detectable by SIMS changes continuously in a direcion from said anode to said cathode.  
     
     
         29 . The luminescent device according to  claim 26 , wherein said group  17  element is selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.  
     
     
         30 . The luminescent device according to  claim 25 , wherein said first organic compound is a hole transport compound and said second organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         31 . The luminescent device according to  claim 30 , wherein said first organic compound is a high-molecular compound including π electrons and is chemically doped.  
     
     
         32 . The luminescent device according to  claim 30 , wherein said first organic compound is selected from the group consisting of a polythiophene derivative, a polyaniline derivative and a polyvinylcarbazole derivative.  
     
     
         33 . The luminescent device according to  claim 25 , wherein said first organic compound is an electron transport compound and said second organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         34 . The luminescent device according to  claim 33 , wherein said first organic compound is a high-molecular compound including π electrons and is chemically doped.  
     
     
         35 . The luminescent device according to  claim 25 , wherein said first organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission and said second organic compound is a hole transport compound.  
     
     
         36 . The luminescent device according to  claim 35 , wherein said second organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a polyparaphenylenevinylene derivative, a polydialkylfluorene derivative, a polyvinylcarbazole derivative and a polyphenylene derivative.  
     
     
         37 . The luminescent device according to  claim 25 , wherein said first organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission and said second organic compound is an electron transport compound.  
     
     
         38 . The luminescent device according to  claim 37 , wherein said second organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a polyparaphenylenevinylene derivative, a polydialkylfluorene derivative, a polyvinylcarbazole derivative and a polyphenylene derivative.  
     
     
         39 . The luminescent device according to  claim 5 , wherein said organic compound layer comprises a third organic compound different from said first and second organic compounds and, is added as a guest in a region comprising both said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         40 . The luminescent device according to  claim 39 , wherein each of said first organic compound and said second organic compound is compound selected from the group consisting of a hole injection compound which receives holes from said anode, an electron injection compound which receives electrons from said cathode, a hole transport compound, an electron transport compound and a blocking compound capable of inhibiting electron transfer, and said third organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission.  
     
     
         41 . The luminescent device according to  claim 39 , wherein said third organic compound is a luminescent compound which demonstrates light emission from a triplet excited state.  
     
     
         42 . The luminescent device according to  claim 41 , wherein said third organic compound is one of a metal complex having platinum as a central metal and a metal complex having iridium as a central metal.  
     
     
         43 . The luminescent device according to  claim 39 , wherein said third organic compound has a larger energy difference between a highest occupied molecular orbital and a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital than said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         44 . The luminescent device according to  claim 39 , wherein said third organic compound is a material selected from the group consisting of a phenanthroline derivative, an oxadiazole derivative and a triazole derivative.  
     
     
         45 . The luminescent device according to  claim 39 , wherein said third organic compound is a metal complex comprising a metal element and a detection region of said metal element detectable by SIMS comprises both said first organic compound and said second organic compound.  
     
     
         46 . The luminescent device according to  claim 45 , wherein said metal element is selected from the group consisting of aluminum, zinc and beryllium.  
     
     
         47 . The luminescent device according to  claim 45 , wherein said metal element is selected from the group consisting of iridium and platinum.  
     
     
         48 . A method of manufacturing a luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising steps of: 
 wet-supplying a first solution over a substrate having an electrode, wherein the first solution comprsises a first organic compound and a first solvent;    heating said first solution in a treating atmosphere at a temperature; and    after the heating, disposing a second solution over said substrate;    wherein a pressure of said treating atmosphere is higher than a vapor pressure of said first solvent at said temperature.    
     
     
         49 . A method of manufacturing a luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising steps of: 
 wet-supplying a first solution over a substrate having an electrode, wherein the first solution comprises a first organic compound and a first solvent;    drying said first solution by heating; and    after the heating, disposing a second solution over said substrate in a treating atmosphere, wherein the second solution comprises a second organic compound and a second solvent,    wherein said treating atmosphere contains said first solvent during disposing the second solution.    
     
     
         50 . A method of manufacturing a luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising steps of: 
 forming a first organic compound layer over a substrate having an electrode; and    wet-supplying a second solution over said substrate, wherein said second solution comprises a second organic compound and a second solvent;    wherein a solubility of said second organic compound to said second solvent is higher than a solubility of a first organic compound to said second solvent.    
     
     
         51 . A method of manufacturing a luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising steps of: 
 forming a first organic compound layer over a substrate having an electrode; and    wet-supplying a second solution over said substrate in a treating atmosphere;    wherein said treating atmosphere contains a solvent which is capable of dissolving a first organic compound.    
     
     
         52 . A method of manufacturing a luminescent device comprising an organic luminescent element comprising steps of: 
 wet-supplying a first solution in which a first organic compound is dissolved over a substrate having an electrode;    forming a second organic compound layer by a vacuum evaporation in a vacuum chamber; and    heating said substrate, said first organic solution, and said second organic compound layer.    
     
     
         53 . The method according to claim  52 , wherein heating is carried out under a reduced pressure of 10 −4  Pa or lower.