System method for reducing brain injury particularly in newborn infants

Abstract

A method for preventing or reducing the development of delayed brain damage in a patient, comprises applying headwear ( 1 ) to the patient's head and circulating a fluid coolant through conduits ( 3 ) or passages in the headwear to cool the brain and thermostatically controlling the coolant temperature within a predetermined range to maintain the brain at a temperature sufficiently below normal for an extended period sufficient to prevent the death of neurons, glial or other cells that would otherwise die as a consequence of direct injury to the brain or other injury to the patient likely to cause injury to the brain.

1 . A method for preventing or reducing the development of delayed brain damage in a patient, comprising applying headwear incorporating cooling means to the patient's head, so that said cooling means is in close physical contact with the patient's scalp, and circulating a fluid coolant through said conduits or passages in the headwear to cool the brain and thermostatically controlling the coolant temperature within a predetermined range to maintain the brain at a temperature sufficiently below normal for an extended period effective to prevent the death of neurons, glial or other cells that would otherwise die as a consequence of direct injury to the brain or other injury to the patient likely to cause injury to the brain.  
     
     
         2 . A method according to  claim 1  including maintaining said cooling for at least 12 hours after injury to the patient.  
     
     
         3 . A method according to  claim 1  including maintaining said cooling for at least 24 hours after injury to the patient.  
     
     
         4 . A method according to  claim 1  including maintaining said cooling for between 12 and 72 hours after injury to the patient.  
     
     
         5 . A method according to  claim 1  wherein said cooling maintains the patient's brain at a temperature in the range 30-34° C.  
     
     
         6 . A method according to  claim 5  wherein said cooling maintains the patient's brain at a temperature in the range 32-34° C.  
     
     
         7 . A method according to  claim 5  also including warming the patient's general body to maintain the patient's general body temperature in the range 35-37° C.  
     
     
         8 . A method according to  claim 6  including warming the patient's general body to maintain the patient's general body temperature in the range 35-36° C.  
     
     
         9 . A method according to  claim 7  including monitoring both the patient's head and body temperatures and controlling the brain cooling and brain warming to maintain both the head and body temperatures.  
     
     
         10 . A method according to  claim 9  wherein the head temperature is monitored by a sensor attached to the scalp of the patient.  
     
     
         11 . A method according to  claim 1  wherein the patient is a newborn infant.  
     
     
         12 . A method according to  claim 8  wherein the patient is a newborn infant.  
     
     
         13 . Apparatus for preventing or reducing the development of delayed brain damage in a patient, comprising: 
 headwear to be fitted to the patient's head and comprising cooling means which closely contacts the patient's scalp, said cooling means including conduits or passages within the headwear through which a fluid coolant may be circulated to cool the brain of the patient;    a reservoir to contain fluid coolant, cooling means to cool and maintain the fluid in the reservoir at a predetermined temperature, piping to connect the reservoir to the headwear, and means to circulate a fluid coolant from the reservoir to the patient headwear;    warming means arranged to warm the rest of the patient's body, and    a control system arranged to thermostatically control the temperature of both the coolant circulating through the headwear to cool the patient's brain and warming means to maintain the patient's general body temperature.    
     
     
         14 . Apparatus according to  claim 13 , wherein the control system is arranged to control the cooling means and warming means to maintain the patient's brain temperature in the range 30-34° C. and the patient's general body temperature in the range 35-37° C.  
     
     
         15 . Apparatus according to  claim 14  wherein the control system is arranged to control the warming means to maintain the patient's general body temperature in the range 35-36° C.  
     
     
         16 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the warming means comprises an overhead heater.  
     
     
         17 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the warming means comprises a heated mattress on which the patient lies.  
     
     
         18 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the warming means comprises a heated pad on a mattress.  
     
     
         19 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the warm means comprises a heated jacket which is worn by the patient or blanket which is placed over the patient.  
     
     
         20 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the warming means comprises a cradle or cot incorporating heating elements in the walls and/or base of the cradle or cot to create a temperature controlled environment for the patient.  
     
     
         21 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  wherein the coolant is a liquid which is recirculated back to the reservoir in a closed loop.  
     
     
         22 . Apparatus according to  claim 13  comprising a mobile unit for use in a hospital, said unit comprising the cooling means and reservoir for fluid coolant, and the thermostatic control system for controlling the cooling means and the warming means.