Three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method and equipments thereof

Abstract

A three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method and equipments thereof, make it possible that a drilling and blasting process can be carried out simultaneously during excavating a pilot tunnel by means of tunnel boring machine (TBM), thereby is capable of reducing the period and the cost of excavation. The three dimensional multi-phase tunneling method includes the steps of drilling an oblique charge hole on an upper half section in a pilot tunnel being excavated by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and drilling an outermost charge hole to a predetermined length in a tunneling direction (longitudinal direction) at an outermost tunneling section during excavating the pilot tunnel, and charging and blasting the upper half section, wherein the oblique charge hole is turned at a predetermined angle from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction, and charging and blasting the lower half section except the central portion apart by a predetermined distance from the tunnel face after drilling a longitudinal hole.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method for excavating a tunnel, comprising the steps of: 
 a) drilling an oblique charge hole on an upper half section in a pilot tunnel being excavated by a tunnel boring machine (TBM) and drilling an outermost charge hole to a predetermined length in a tunneling direction (longitudinal direction) at an outermost tunneling section during excavating the pilot tunnel, and charging and blasting the upper half section, wherein the oblique charge hole is turned at a predetermined angle from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction; and    b) charging and blasting the lower half section except the central portion apart by a predetermined distance from the tunnel face after drilling a longitudinal hole.    
     
     
         2 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , after the step b), further comprising the steps of: 
 c) drilling a charge hole on a central portion of the lower half section; and    d) carrying out a continuous transverse blasting.    
     
     
         3 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the step a) includes the steps of: 
 a1) installing a muck car on a rail in the bottom face of the pilot tunnel; and    a2) carrying the muck car with the muck produced by the blasting outside the tunnel by a locomotive.    
     
     
         4 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the step a) further includes the steps of: 
 a1) installing a carrier on the rail in the bottom face of the pilot tunnel at a zone of a blasting for enlargement after drilling the outermost longitudinal charge hole;    a2) blasting for enlargement after charging of the oblique charge hole and the outermost longitudinal charge hole; and    a3) carrying the carrier with the muck produced by the blast outside the tunnel by the locomotive.    
     
     
         5 . The method as recited in  claim 4 , wherein the step al) includes the step of installing facilities required for the TBM between the carrier and the bottom of the pilot tunnel before installing the carrier.  
     
     
         6 . The method as recited in  claim 4 , after the step of a 2 ), further comprising the step of a longitudinal drilling and blasting at a predetermined length again for a remained rock around the tunnel face.  
     
     
         7 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the step a) includes the step of drilling the oblique hole by means of a jumbo drill mounted on anyone of the site between the backup trailer and the main body of the TBM.  
     
     
         8 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the drilling length of the oblique hole is identical to a sum of that of the charge hole and a rockbolt hole.  
     
     
         9 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the oblique charge hole has an predetermined angle to concentrate the muck produced by the blasting for enlargement to the middle of the tunnel.  
     
     
         10 . The method as recited in  claim 9 , wherein the predetermined angle is of 20° to 40°.  
     
     
         11 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the step a) includes the step of carrying out an installation of a wedge coupler at the oblique charge hole of an oblique blasting section and a sand stemming, to thereby insert a blasting powder to the oblique charge hole at a predetermined length.  
     
     
         12 . The method as recited  claim 1 , wherein the step al) includes the steps of: 
 a1) inserting a rubber coupler into an entrance of the charge hole after forming the oblique charge hole and pushing the rubber coupler into the oblique charge hole using a scaled pipe; and    a2) inserting a wedge into the rubber coupler using the scaled pipe, to thereby charge a blasting powder up to the oblique charge hole of the oblique blasting section.    
     
     
         13 . The method as recited in  claim 2 , wherein the step a) includes the steps of: 
 a1) installing a ventilation duct at a predetermined area in the tunnel; and    a2) separating a main duct from the duct located in the rear of the tunnel face in the blasting for enlargement at an predetermined region of the rear of the tunnel face.    
     
     
         14 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , wherein the step b) includes the steps of: 
 b1) installing a bottom carrier on the predetermined region above the bottom of the pilot tunnel at the zone of blasting for enlargement;    b2) drilling a longitudinal charge hole on the lower half section except the central portion;    b3) blasting the longitudinal hole after charging;    b4) loading the muck produced by the blast into the carrier or the bottom carrier; and    b5) carrying the carrier or the bottom carrier with the muck outside the tunnel by the locomotive.    
     
     
         15 . The method as recited in  claim 1 , after step b), further comprising the steps of: 
 e) installing a lining form in the tunnel for enabling the carrier and the other facilities to move through the lining form; and    f) grouting an inner area of the tunnel with concrete.    
     
     
         16 . The method as recited in  claim 15 , wherein a shell made of steel has a shock absorbing material attached on to protect the concrete lining from a third blast, i.e., blasting for enlarging the central portion of the lower half section, and wheels for easy movement.  
     
     
         17 . A device for excavating a tunnel, comprising: 
 a main body of tunnel boring machine (TBM) excavating a pilot tunnel while advancing in tunneling direction, and having a trailer;    a drilling means for drilling oblique holes on a upper half section of the pilot tunnel while the main body excavates the pilot tunnel, and the drilling means being installed on the main body of the TBM, wherein the oblique holes are turned at predetermined angle from a transverse direction to a longitudinal direction;    a first rotating means for rotating the drilling means in the oblique direction and a circumferential direction;    a muck removing means, installed in the bottom area of the lower half section, for carrying the muck produced by the blast outside the tunnel; and    a second rotating means for rotating a bucket, installed on the front of a loader, for loading the muck easily at the narrow area of the upper and the lower half section by rotating the bucket at a predetermined angle in a horizontal plane.    
     
     
         18 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the drilling means are installed on anyone of the site selected among an inner kelly, a main beam and a platform of the trailer of the TBM.  
     
     
         19 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the drilling means includes a drifter for driving the drill and a feed cylinder equipped with the drifter for moving forward and backward.  
     
     
         20 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the rotating means includes: 
 a rotary frame equipped with a rotary gear for rotating the feeder of the drilling means in circumferential direction with an axis parallel to a central axis of the pilot tunnel;    a first motor for rotating the rotary gear in a predetermined angle;    a bracket unit mounted on both side of front of the rotary frame for rotating the drilling means obliquely; and    a stepping motor mounted on the bracket unit for supplying driving force to rotate obliquely in a predetermined angle.    
     
     
         21 . The device as recited in  claim 20 , wherein the bracket unit includes: 
 a bracket for fixing a supporting handle formed in a groove in the middle of the bracket;    a circumscribed gear installed on the spindle of the stepping motor which pierces the groove in the middle of the bracket; and    a gear frame fixed on the drilling means for matching the circumscribed gear with an inscribed gear.    
     
     
         22 . The device as recited in  claim 20 , wherein the stepping motor supplies a driving force to the bracket unit, being capable of rotating the drilling means to 20°˜40°. in the oblique direction.  
     
     
         23 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , wherein the muck removing means for the muck includes: 
 a carrying means for the muck installed on the backup trailer of the TBM for carrying the muck produced by the blast to a predetermined area in the rear of the tunnel face;    a rail installed on both sides of the bottom face of the pilot tunnel;    a carrier having wheels for moving on the rail;    a container, installed on the carrier, for loading the muck in the container; and    a locomotive, located outside the tunnel, for withdrawing a muck car and the carrier.    
     
     
         24 . The device as recited in  claim 23 , further comprising a first shock absorbing means installed between the carrier and the container for relieving the shock of the muck and a noise.  
     
     
         25 . The device as recited in  claim 23 , further comprising a second shock absorbing means installed beneath the carrier for preventing the rail from the shock of the falling muck.  
     
     
         26 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , further comprising: 
 a ventilation duct installed in a predetermined area in the pilot tunnel for carrying a dust produced in excavating the pilot tunnel and in the blasting for enlargement, which can be separated by a separating means;    a variable ladder for enabling the drilling means and the muck removing means to move easily in the blasting for enlargement; and    a deck and a rail switch for enabling the muck car and the carrier to move easily on another rail by means of installing the rail additionally on the deck by which the central portion of the lower half section and both sides of the lower half section are combined.    
     
     
         27 . The device as recited in  claim 17 , further comprising: 
 an enlarging means in an upper portion of a lining form for enabling the carrier and the other facilities to move through the lining form; and    a protection means of a concrete lining installed under the lining form for protecting the concrete lining from the third blast.    
     
     
         28 . The device as recited in  claim 27 , wherein the shell made of steel has mobile wheels, and a shock absorbing material attached on the backside of the protection means of concrete lining.