Position measuring device, position measurement method, exposure apparatus, exposure method, and superposition measuring device and superposition measurement method

Abstract

This position measuring device comprising a calculation unit 19 calculates mark position information relating to the position of the mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object W, and a correction device 19 for correcting the calculation results from the calculation unit 19 based on the asymmetry of the mark signal. As a result, positional deviation resulting from asymmetry can be detected, and by correcting for this deviation the effect that the image asymmetry has on the measurement can be reduced. Therefore, a more accurate high precision alignment can be performed, and there is no requirement to increase the NA of the detection optical system, nor to prepare a special short wavelength light source, meaning increases in the size and cost of the apparatus can also be prevented.

1 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, 
 wherein the calculation unit includes a processing unit which performs predetermined processing on predetermined information to be used when calculating the mark position information, and generates a plurality of processing information, and    the device further comprises a correction unit which is electrically connected to the calculation unit and corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on a plurality of the mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using the plurality of processing information.    
     
     
         2 . A position measuring device according to  claim 1 , wherein 
 the predetermined information is the mark signal,    the processing unit performs processing on the mark signal and alters a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component of a predetermined frequency range, and generates a mark signal having a different frequency configuration from the mark signal, and    the correction unit performs the corrections based on a plurality of mark signal information calculated by the calculation unit using a plurality of the mark signals.    
     
     
         3 . A position measuring device according to  claim 2 , wherein the processing unit performs alteration processing of a frequency configuration of the mark signal using a predetermined frequency gain distribution.  
     
     
         4 . A position measuring device according to  claim 2 , wherein the calculation unit calculates the plurality of mark position information by either one of performing a reflective autocorrelation for each of the plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations, and performing template matching of the plurality of mark signals using a template having a predetermined frequency configuration.  
     
     
         5 . A position measuring device according to  claim 2 , wherein the processing unit generates a plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations by in addition to the processing on the mark signal for altering a proportion within the mark signal of the frequency component of the predetermined range, also performing processing which alters a proportion, within the mark signal, of a frequency component of a range for which at least a portion thereof differs from the predetermined range.  
     
     
         6 . A position measuring device according to  claim 1 , wherein 
 the predetermined information is the mark signal,    the processing unit calculates a phase of each different frequency component of the mark signal, and    the correction unit performs the corrections based on a plurality of mark position information calculated from the plurality of phases.    
     
     
         7 . A position measuring device according to  claim 6 , wherein 
 the processing unit performs a Fourier transformation on the mark signal and calculates phases of Fourier components of different order, and    the correction unit performs the corrections based on the plurality of mark position information calculated from phases of the Fourier components of different order.    
     
     
         8 . A position measuring device according to  claim 1 , wherein 
 the calculation unit calculates the plurality of mark position information by performing template matching on the mark signal using a template having a predetermined frequency configuration,    the predetermined information is either one of a correlation function calculated from the template and the mark signal, and the template,    the processing unit performs processing which alters a proportion of a frequency component of a predetermined frequency range for either one of the template and the correlation function, and generates either one of a plurality of templates with different frequency configurations and a plurality of correlation functions, and    the correction unit performs the corrections based on a plurality of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using either one of the plurality of templates and the plurality of correlation functions.    
     
     
         9 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, 
 wherein the mark signal includes phases of diffracted light of different orders generated from the mark, and    the device further comprises a correction unit which is electrically connected to the calculation unit and corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on a plurality of the mark position information calculated from a plurality of the phases.    
     
     
         10 . A position measuring device according to  claim 1 , wherein the correction unit corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on results of linear combination of the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         11 . A position measuring device according to  claim 10 , wherein the correction unit corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on differences between the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         12 . A position measuring device according to  claim 11 , wherein 
 of the plurality of mark position information, if a first position information is termed CH, a second position information is termed CL, and a predetermined coefficient is termed R (R>0),    the correction unit performs the corrections based on a result determined by (CL−CH)×R.    
     
     
         13 . A position measuring device according to  claim 12 , wherein the first position information CH is calculated from a higher resolution signal than the second position information CL.  
     
     
         14 . A position measuring device according to  claim 13 , wherein the higher resolution signal incorporates a higher frequency component than a frequency component of a signal used when obtaining the second position information CL.  
     
     
         15 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark formed on an object, by performing template matching between a template having a predetermined frequency configuration and a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark, wherein the device further comprises: 
 a filtering unit which performs either one of a first filtering process which reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component less than a specified frequency and reduces a proportion within the template of a frequency component less than the specified frequency, and a second filtering process which reduces a proportion of a frequency component less than the specified frequency on a correlation function calculated from the template and the mark signal, and    the calculation unit is electrically connected to the filtering unit and calculates the mark position information by either one of performing template matching on the mark signal and the template which have been subjected to the first filtering process, and basing the calculations on the correlation function which has been subjected to the second filtering process.    
     
     
         16 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark formed on an object, by performing folded autocorrelation of a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark, wherein the device further comprises: 
 a filtering unit which performs filtering processing that reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component less than a specified frequency, and    the calculation unit is electrically connected to the filtering unit and calculates the mark position information by performing a folded autocorrelation of the mark signal which has undergone the filtering processing.    
     
     
         17 . A position measuring device according to  claim 15 , wherein the filtering unit reduces a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a basic frequency defined based on a shape of the mark, less than a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a frequency greater than the basic frequency.  
     
     
         18 . A position measuring device according to  claim 17 , wherein the basic frequency in a multi-mark incorporating a plurality of line patterns is 1/MP, where MP refers to a mark pitch showing a spacing between each line pattern, and the basic frequency in a single mark made up of only a single line pattern is ½MW, where MW refers to a width of the line pattern.  
     
     
         19 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, wherein the device further comprises: 
 a filtering unit which performs filtering processing of the mark signal, and generating a plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations, and    an extraction unit which is electrically connected to the filtering unit and extracts, from a plurality of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using the plurality of mark signals, mark position information satisfying a predetermined condition, and    a final mark position information is determined based on the extracted mark position information.    
     
     
         20 . A position measuring device according to  claim 19 , wherein the extraction unit extracts mark position information calculated based on a mark signal incorporating a larger low frequency component if a difference between the plurality of mark position information is greater than a predetermined value, and extracts mark position information calculated based on a mark signal incorporating a larger high frequency component if the difference is less than or equal to the predetermined value.  
     
     
         21 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, wherein the device further comprises: 
 a judgment unit which is electrically connected to the calculation unit, compares mark position information calculated by the calculation unit based on the mark signal and a predetermined design value information relating to the mark, and judges acceptability of the calculated mark position information, and    a filtering unit which performs filtering processing of the mark signal, and generates a mark processed signal having a different frequency configuration from the signal subjected to the filtering processing, and    in a case where acceptability of the mark signal is denied by the judgment unit, the mark position information is calculated by the calculation unit using the generated mark processed signal, and acceptability of the mark position information is judged by the judgment unit, and the filtering processing, the calculation processing of mark position information based on the mark processed signal, and the judgment processing is repeated until acceptability of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit is approved by the judgment unit.    
     
     
         22 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, wherein the device further comprises: 
 a filtering unit which performs filtering processing on the mark signal, and generates a mark signal having a different frequency configuration, and    an evaluation unit which compares a plurality of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using a plurality of the mark signals having different frequency configurations, and evaluates the mark position information, and    the calculation unit is electrically connected to the evaluation unit and calculates a final mark position information based on the plurality of mark position information and evaluation results from the evaluation unit.    
     
     
         23 . A position measuring device according to  claim 22 , wherein 
 the mark is a multi-mark in which a plurality of mark elements are aligned periodically in a predetermined direction, and    the evaluation unit evaluates position information of each mark element based on differences between position information of each mark element within the plurality of mark position information, and determines a weighting for position information of each mark element when calculating a final position information using position information of each of the mark elements.    
     
     
         24 . A position measuring device according to  claim 22 , wherein 
 a plurality of the marks are formed on the object, and    the filtering unit performs the filtering processing on a plurality of target marks for measurement from amongst the plurality of marks, and generates a mark signal having a different frequency configuration for each of the target marks for measurement,    the evaluation unit evaluates the mark position information determined for each of the target marks for measurement, and    position information for each of the plurality of marks formed on the object is calculated by a statistical calculation using evaluation results from the evaluation unit and the mark position information for each of the target marks for measurement.    
     
     
         25 . A position measuring device according to  claim 19 , wherein 
 the filtering unit reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         26 . A position measuring device comprising a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, 
 wherein the calculation unit comprises: 
 an acquisition unit which acquires a plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations, and  
 a determination unit which is electrically connected to the acquisition unit and calculates the mark position information for each of the plurality of mark signals acquired by the acquisition unit, and determines a single mark position information based on the calculated plurality of mark position information.  
   
     
     
         27 . A position measuring device according to  claim 26 , wherein the acquisition unit obtains a mark signal having a different frequency configuration from the mark signal by performing processing on the mark signal which alters a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component of a predetermined frequency range.  
     
     
         28 . A position measuring device according to  claim 26 , wherein 
 the acquisition unit acquires the plurality of mark signals by receiving diffracted light beams of different orders generated from the mark, and acquires a phase of each of the diffracted light beams of different orders, and    the determination unit calculates the mark position information from each of the plurality of phases obtained from the acquisition unit.    
     
     
         29 . A position measuring device according to  claim 26 , wherein the determination unit determines the single mark position information by a calculation incorporating a linear combination of the calculated plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         30 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 1  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         31 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 1  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         32 . A position measuring method comprising a calculation step which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, 
 wherein the calculation step performs predetermined processing on predetermined information to be used when calculating the mark position information, and generates a plurality of processing information, and    the method further includes correcting calculation results from the calculation step based on a plurality of the mark position information calculated by the calculation step using the plurality of processing information.    
     
     
         33 . A position measuring method according to  claim 32 , wherein the predetermined information is the mark signal, 
 the method further comprises: 
 performing processing on the mark signal which alters a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component of a predetermined frequency range, and generates a mark signal having a different frequency configuration from the mark signal, and  
 performing the corrections based on a plurality of mark signal information calculated by the calculation unit using a plurality of the mark signals.  
   
     
     
         34 . A position measuring method according to  claim 33 , wherein alteration processing of a frequency configuration of the mark signal is performed using a predetermined frequency gain distribution.  
     
     
         35 . A position measuring method according to  claim 33 , further comprising: 
 performing a Fourier transformation on the mark signal and calculating phases of Fourier components of different order, and    performing the corrections based on the plurality of mark position information calculated from phases of the Fourier components of different order.    
     
     
         36 . A position measuring method comprising a calculation step which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, 
 wherein the mark signal includes phases of diffracted light of different orders generated from the mark, and    calculation results from the calculation step are corrected based on a plurality of mark position information calculated from the plurality of phases.    
     
     
         37 . A position measuring method according to  claim 32 , further comprising correcting calculation results from the calculation unit based on linear combination results of the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         38 . A position measuring method according to  claim 37 , further comprising correcting calculation results from the calculation unit based on differences between the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         39 . A position measuring method according to  claim 38 , wherein 
 of the plurality of mark position information, if a first position information is termed CH, a second position information is termed CL, and a predetermined coefficient is termed R (R>0),    the corrections are performed based on a result determined by (CL−CH)×R.    
     
     
         40 . A position measuring method according to  claim 39 , wherein the first position information CH is calculated from a higher resolution signal than the second position information CL.  
     
     
         41 . A position measuring method using a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark formed on an object, by performing template matching between a template having a predetermined frequency configuration and a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark, the method comprising: 
 carrying out either one of a first filtering process which reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component less than a specified frequency and reducing a proportion within the template of a frequency component less than the specified frequency, and a second filtering process which reduces a proportion of a frequency component less than the specified frequency on a correlation function calculated from the template and the mark signal, and    the calculation unit calculates the mark position information by either one of performing template matching on the mark signal and the template which have been subjected to the first filtering process, and basing the calculations on the correlation function which has been subjected to the second filtering process.    
     
     
         42 . A position measuring method using a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark formed on an object, by performing folded autocorrelation of a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark, the method comprising: 
 performing filtering processing which reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component less than a specified frequency, and    the calculation unit calculates the mark position information by performing a folded autocorrelation of the mark signal which has undergone the filtering processing.    
     
     
         43 . A position measuring method according to  claim 41 , further comprising, within the mark signal, reducing a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a basic frequency defined based on a shape of the mark even more than a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a frequency greater than the basic frequency.  
     
     
         44 . A position measuring method according to  claim 43 , wherein the basic frequency in a multi-mark incorporating a plurality of line patterns is 1/MP, where MP refers to a mark pitch showing a spacing between each line pattern, and the basic frequency in a single mark made up of only a single line pattern is ½MW, where MW refers to a width of the line pattern.  
     
     
         45 . A position measuring method using a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, the method comprising: 
 performing filtering processing of the mark signal, and generating a plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations, and    extracting, from a plurality of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using the plurality of mark signals, mark position information satisfying a predetermined condition, and    determining a final mark position information based on the extracted mark position information.    
     
     
         46 . A position measuring method according to  claim 45 , further comprising: 
 extracting mark position information calculated based on a mark signal incorporating a larger low frequency component if a difference between the plurality of mark position information is greater than a predetermined value, and extracting mark position information calculated based on a mark signal incorporating a larger high frequency component if the difference is within the predetermined value.    
     
     
         47 . A position measuring method using a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, the method comprising: 
 comparing mark position information calculated by the calculation unit based on the mark signal and a predetermined design value information relating to the mark, and then judging acceptability of the calculated mark position information,    performing filtering processing of the mark signal, and generating a mark processed signal having a different frequency configuration from the signal subjected to the filtering processing, and    in a case where acceptability of the mark signal is denied by the judgment, calculating the mark position information by the calculation unit using the generated mark processed signal, and judging acceptability of the mark position information, and repeating the filtering processing, the calculation processing of mark position information based on the mark processed signal, and the judgment processing until acceptability of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit is approved.    
     
     
         48 . A position measuring method using a calculation unit which calculates mark position information relating to a position of a mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, the method comprising: 
 performing filtering processing on the mark signal, and generating a mark signal having a different frequency configuration,    comparing a plurality of mark position information calculated by the calculation unit using a plurality of the mark signals having different frequency configurations, and evaluating the mark position information, and    the calculation unit calculates a final mark position information based on the plurality of mark position information and the evaluation results.    
     
     
         49 . A position measuring method according to  claim 48 , wherein the mark is a multi-mark in which a plurality of mark elements are aligned periodically in a predetermined direction, the method comprising: 
 evaluating position information of each mark element based on differences between position information of each mark element within the plurality of mark position information, and    determining a weighting for position information of each mark element when calculating a final position information using position information of each of the mark elements.    
     
     
         50 . A position measuring method according to  claim 48 , wherein a plurality of the marks are formed on the object, the method comprising: 
 performing the filtering processing on a plurality of target marks for measurement from amongst the plurality of marks, and generating a mark signal having a different frequency configuration for each of the target marks for measurement,    evaluating the mark position information determined for each of the target marks for measurement, and    calculating position information for each of the plurality of marks formed on the object by a statistical calculation using evaluation results and the mark position information for each of the target marks for measurement.    
     
     
         51 . A position measuring method according to  claim 45 , wherein 
 the filtering process reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         52 . A position measuring method which calculates mark position information relating to a position of the mark by using a mark signal obtained by irradiating a detection beam onto the mark formed on an object, comprising: 
 acquiring a plurality of mark signals having different frequency configurations,    calculating the mark position information for each of the plurality of mark signals acquired, and    determining a single mark position information based on the calculated plurality of mark position information.    
     
     
         53 . A position measuring method according to  claim 52 , involving 
 acquiring the plurality of mark signals by receiving diffracted light beams of different orders generated from the mark, and acquiring a phase of each of the diffracted light beams of different orders, and    calculating the mark position information from each of the plurality of phases obtained.    
     
     
         54 . A position measuring method according to  claim 52 , involving determining the single mark position information by linearly combining the calculated plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         55 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 32  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         56 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 32  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         57 . A position measuring device according to  claim 9 , wherein the correction unit corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on results of linear combination of the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         58 . A position measuring device according to  claim 57 , wherein the correction unit corrects calculation results from the calculation unit based on differences between the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         59 . A position measuring device according to  claim 58 , wherein 
 of the plurality of mark position information, if a first position information is termed CH, a second position information is termed CL, and a predetermined coefficient is termed R (R>0),    the correction unit performs the corrections based on a result determined by (CL−CH)×R.    
     
     
         60 . A position measuring device according to  claim 59 , wherein the first position information CH is calculated from a higher resolution signal than the second position information CL.  
     
     
         61 . A position measuring device according to  claim 60 , wherein the higher resolution signal incorporates a higher frequency component than a frequency component of a signal used when obtaining the second position information CL.  
     
     
         62 . A position measuring device according to  claim 21 , wherein 
 the filtering unit reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         63 . A position measuring device according to  claim 22 , wherein 
 the filtering unit reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         64 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 9  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         65 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 15  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         66 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 16  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         67 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 19  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         68 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 21  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         69 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 22  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         70 . An exposure apparatus which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposes a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 26  is provided as a position measuring device which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         71 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 9  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         72 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 15  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         73 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 16  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         74 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 19  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         75 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 21  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         76 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 22  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         77 . A superposition measuring device which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, comprising: 
 a position measuring device according to  claim 26  is provided as a position measuring device which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         78 . A position measuring method according to  claim 36 , further comprising correcting calculation results from the calculation unit based on linear combination results of the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         79 . A position measuring method according to  claim 78 , further comprising correcting calculation results from the calculation unit based on differences between the plurality of mark position information.  
     
     
         80 . A position measuring method according to  claim 79 , wherein 
 of the plurality of mark position information, if a first position information is termed CH, a second position information is termed CL, and a predetermined coefficient is termed R (R>0),    the corrections are performed based on a result determined by (CL−CH)×R.    
     
     
         81 . A position measuring method according to  claim 80 , wherein the first position information CH is calculated from a higher resolution signal than the second position information CL.  
     
     
         82 . A position measuring method according to  claim 42 , further comprising, within the mark signal, reducing a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a basic frequency defined based on a shape of the mark even more than a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a frequency greater than the basic frequency.  
     
     
         83 . A position measuring method according to  claim 82 , wherein the basic frequency in a multi-mark incorporating a plurality of line patterns is 1/MP, where MP refers to a mark pitch showing a spacing between each line pattern, and the basic frequency in a single mark made up of only a single line pattern is ½MW, where MW refers to a width of the line pattern.  
     
     
         84 . A position measuring method according to  claim 47 , wherein 
 the filtering process reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         85 . A position measuring method according to  claim 48 , wherein 
 the filtering process reduces a proportion within the mark signal of a frequency component greater than a specified frequency, and    in a case where the filtering processing is performed a plurality of times on the mark signal, the filtering is performed following an alteration of the frequency component for which a proportion is to be reduced.    
     
     
         86 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 36  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         87 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 41  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         88 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 42  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         89 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 45  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         90 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 47  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         91 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 48  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         92 . An exposure method which aligns a mask and a substrate by using a mask mark on the mask and a substrate mark on the substrate, and then exposing a pattern of the mask onto the substrate, including: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 52  as a position measuring method which measures a position of at least one of the mask mark and the substrate mark.    
     
     
         93 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 36  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         94 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 41  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         95 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 42  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         96 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 45  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         97 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 47  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         98 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 48  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         99 . A superposition measuring method which measures a superposition error between a plurality of measurement targets comprising a plurality of marks formed on individual layers on a substrate, the method comprising: 
 a position measuring method according to  claim 52  as a position measuring method which measures positions of the marks.    
     
     
         100 . A position measuring device according to  claim 16 , wherein the filtering unit reduces a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a basic frequency defined based on a shape of the mark, less than a proportion of a frequency component within the mark signal having a frequency greater than the basic frequency.