Collar containing a novel gel formulation to control arthropod infestation of animals

Abstract

The present invention provides a device, preferably a collar or ear tag, capable of the controlled, sustained release of an effective amount of an active ingredient that can protect an animal against arthropod pests, comprising a reservoir containing a novel gel formulation comprising a fatty acid, an organic solvent which is a linear aliphatic ester, a silicone-based fluid, or a combination thereof, and an active ingredient that can protect the animal against one or more arthropod pests.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A device capable of the controlled, sustained release of an effective amount of an active ingredient that can protect an animal against arthropod pests, comprising: 
 a reservoir having a supporting membrane comprising an outside surface, and an inside surface defining an enclosed cavity, and a gel contained within the enclosed cavity and in contact with the inside surface of the supporting membrane, said gel comprising the admixture of a gelling agent which is a fatty acid or salt thereof, an organic solvent which is a linear aliphatic ester, a silicone-based fluid, or a combination thereof, and an active ingredient that can protect the animal against one or more arthropod pests, wherein the supporting membrane of the reservoir comprises a polymeric material that is permeable to the active ingredient;    and a fastening means for fastening the device to the animal.    
     
     
         2 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the polymeric material of the supporting membrane of the reservoir is selected from the group consisting of porous tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, flexible polyacrylate, polyvinyl chloride, ethylenevinylacetate, polyolefin, polyurethane, silicone, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         3 . The device of  claim 2 , wherein the polymeric material of the supporting membrane of the reservoir is polyvinyl chloride.  
     
     
         4 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group of fatty acids having an unbranched hydrocarbon chain from about C 15  to about C 17  in length.  
     
     
         5 . The device of  claim 4 , wherein the fatty acid is a saturated fatty acid.  
     
     
         6 . The device of  claim 5 , wherein the saturated fatty acid is selected from palmitic acid, stearic acid, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         7 . The device of  claim 6 , wherein the saturated fatty acid is stearic acid.  
     
     
         8 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the linear aliphatic ester is selected from the group consisting of linear aliphatic esters having from about 9 carbons to about 17 carbons in the chain.  
     
     
         9 . The device of  claim 8 , wherein the linear aliphatic ester is selected from methyl caproate, methyl caprylate, methyl myristate, methyl palmitate, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         10 . The device of  claim 9 , wherein the linear aliphatic ester is methyl palmitate.  
     
     
         11 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the silicone-based fluid is selected from the group consisting of cyclomethicone, dimethicone, dimethicone copolyol, trimethylsilylamodimethicone, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         12 . The device of  claim 11 , wherein the silicone-based fluid is dimethicone.  
     
     
         13 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent consists of a combination of methyl palmitate and dimethicone.  
     
     
         14 . The device of  claim 13 , wherein the weight ratio of methyl palmitate and dimethicone ranges from about 90 wt % methyl palmitate:10 wt % dimethicone to about 10 wt % methyl palmitate: 90 wt % dimethicone.  
     
     
         15 . The device of  claim 14 , wherein the weight ratio of methyl palmitate and dimethicone ranges from about 60 wt % methyl palmitate:40 wt % dimethicone to about 40 wt % methyl palmitate: 60 wt % dimethicone.  
     
     
         16 . The device of  claim 15 , wherein the weight ratio of methyl palmitate and dimethicone is about 50 wt % methyl palmitate:50 wt % dimethicone.  
     
     
         17 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the active ingredient is an insecticide, an insect repellant, an insect growth regulator, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         18 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the active ingredient is an insecticide selected from the group consisting of chlorinated hydrocarbons, organophosphates, pyrethrins, pyrethroids, carbamates, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         19 . The device of  claim 18 , wherein the active ingredient is selected from the group consisting of lindane, methoxychlor, permethrin, cypermethrin, dichlorvos, diazinon, chlorfenvinphos, bendiocarb, amitraz, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, sevin, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         20 . The device of  claim 19 , wherein the active ingredient is cypermethrin.  
     
     
         21 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the active ingredient is an insect repellant selected from the group consisting of DEET, citronella, permethrin, pyrethrin, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         22 . The device of  claim 17 , wherein the active ingredient is an insect growth regulator selected from the group consisting of methoprene, hydroprene, S-methoprene, S-hydroprene, dimilin, chromazine, and combinations thereof.  
     
     
         23 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the gel further comprises an anti-oxidant, an ultraviolet light blocker, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         24 . The device of  claim 23 , wherein the anti-oxidant is selected from the group consisting of butoxyhydroxytoluene, sodium sulfite, pyrazolone, thioglycolic acid, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         25 . The device of  claim 23 , wherein the ultraviolet light blocker is selected from the group consisting of octyl dimethyl PABA, octyl methoxycinnamate, benzophenone 3, octyl salicylate, octocrylene, and a combination thereof.  
     
     
         26 . The device of  claim 1 , wherein the gel comprises from about 45 wt % to about 55 wt % stearic acid, from about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % organic solvent, and from about 18 wt % to about 28 wt % active ingredient.  
     
     
         27 . The device of  claim 26 , wherein the gel further comprises an anti-oxidant in a weight range of from about 1 wt % to about 7 wt % and an ultraviolet light blocker in a weight range of from about 1 wt % to about 7 wt %.  
     
     
         28 . The device of  claim 1 , comprising a reservoir having a supporting membrane of polyvinyl chloride, said supporting membrane comprising an outside surface, and an inside surface defining an enclosed cavity, and a gel contained within the enclosed cavity and in contact with the inside surface of the supporting membrane, said gel comprising the admixture of stearic acid or a salt thereof, an organic solvent which is a combination of methyl palmitate and dimethicone, and an insecticide, insect repellant or insect growth regulator that can protect an animal against fleas and ticks, which active ingredient is capable of permeating through the supporting membrane; and a fastening means for fastening the device to the animal.  
     
     
         29 . A gel for use in a collar or ear tag device capable of the controlled, sustained release of an effective amount of an active ingredient that can protect an animal against arthropod pests, said gel comprising the admixture of a gelling agent which is a fatty acid or salt thereof, an organic solvent which is a linear aliphatic ester, a silicone-based fluid, or a combination thereof, and an active ingredient that can protect the animal against one or more arthropod pests.  
     
     
         30 . The gel of  claim 29 , wherein the fatty acid is stearic acid.  
     
     
         31 . The gel of  claim 29 , wherein the organic solvent consists of methyl palmitate, dimethicone, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         32 . The gel of  claim 29 , wherein the active ingredient is an insecticide, an insect repellant, an insect growth regulator, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         33 . The gel of  claim 29 , wherein the gel comprises from about 45 wt % to about 55 wt % stearic acid, from about 15 wt % to about 25 wt % organic solvent, and from about 18 wt % to about 28 wt % active ingredient.  
     
     
         34 . The gel of  claim 28 , further comprising an anti-oxidant, an ultraviolet light blocker, or a combination thereof.  
     
     
         35 . A method of preparing a device capable of the controlled, sustained release of an effective amount of an active ingredient that can protect an animal against arthropod pests, which device comprises a reservoir having a supporting membrane comprising an outside surface, and an inside surface defining an enclosed cavity, and a gel contained within the enclosed cavity and in contact with the inside surface, said gel comprising the admixture of a gelling agent which is a fatty acid or salt thereof, an organic solvent which is a linear aliphatic ester, a silicone-based fluid, or a combination thereof, and an active ingredient that can protect the animal against one or more arthropod pests, wherein the supporting membrane of the reservoir comprises a polymeric material that is permeable to the active ingredient, which method comprises filling a cavity defined by the inside surface of the supporting membrane with the gel and sealing the supporting membrane so as to enclose the gel in the cavity.  
     
     
         36 . A method of protecting an animal against arthropod pests, comprising the step of fastening a device to the animal, said device comprising a reservoir having a supporting membrane comprising an outside surface, and an inside surface defining an enclosed cavity, and a gel contained within the enclosed cavity and in contact with the inside surface of the supporting membrane, said gel comprising the admixture of a fatty acid or salt thereof, an organic solvent which is a linear aliphatic ester, a silicone-based fluid, or a combination thereof, and an active ingredient that can protect the animal against one or more arthropod pests, wherein the supporting membrane of the reservoir comprises a polymeric material that is permeable to the active ingredient; and a fastening means for fastening the device to the animal.