US2002008038A1PendingUtilityA1

Combinatorial Electrochemical Synthesis

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Assignee: THERASENSE INCPriority: Jun 24, 1998Filed: Dec 22, 2000Published: Jan 24, 2002
Est. expiryJun 24, 2018(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Adam HellerDaren Joseph Caruana
B01J 19/0046B01J 2219/00653B01J 2219/00637B01J 2219/00689B01J 2219/00713C07H 21/00B01J 2219/00659C40B 60/14B01J 2219/00605B01J 2219/00745B01J 2219/00389B01J 2219/00752B01J 2219/00628C40B 80/00B01J 2219/00612C40B 40/18B01J 2219/00621B01J 2219/00353B01J 2219/00626C07B 2200/01
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Claims

Abstract

Abstract of Disclosure An array of selectively addressible microelectrodes for combinatorial synthesis of complex polymers or alloys.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
Claims 
     
         28.   A device comprising: 
       a)  a plurality of selectively adressable microelectrodes; 
       b)  a conductive matrix disposed on each microelectrode, the matrix comprising carbon, hydrogen and functional reactive groups, wherein the functional reactive groups are activated or deactivated by applying a current or a potential to the conductive matrix; and 
       c)  a source of current or potential arranged and configured to selectively provide a current or voltage to each microelectrode, 
       wherein each of the selectively addressable microelectrodes has a smallest lateral dimension, and wherein each microelectrode is separated from other microelectrodes of the device by a distance of at least ten times the smallest lateral dimension of the microelectrode. 
     
     
         29.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension is a diameter. 
     
     
         30.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension is measured from one edge of the microelectrode to an opposite edge of the microelectrode. 
     
     
         31.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein each microelectrode is separated from other microelectrodes of the device by a distance of at least twenty times the smallest lateral dimension of the electrode. 
     
     
         32.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension of one or more of the microelectrodes is less than 100 μm. 
     
     
         33.   The device according to  claim 32 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension of each of the microelectrodes of the device is the same. 
     
     
         34.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension of one or more of the microelectrodes is 0.1 μm to 1 μm. 
     
     
         35.   The device according to  claim 34 , wherein the smallest lateral dimension of each of the microelectrodes is the same. 
     
     
         36.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the conductive matrix comprises a redox polymer. 
     
     
         37.   The device according to  claim 36 , wherein the redox polymer comprises a transition metal, and wherein the transition metal is osmium, ruthenium, iron, copper or cobalt. 
     
     
         38.   The device according to  claim 36  wherein the redox polymer comprises a hydrogel. 
     
     
         39.   The device according to  claim 28  wherein the conductive matrix comprises a polycation. 
     
     
         40.   The device according to  claim 28  wherein the conductive matrix has a thickness of 3 nm to 20 μm. 
     
     
         41.   The device according to  claim 28 , wherein the functional reactive groups are independently selected from amines, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, or active esters. 
     
     
         42.   The device according to  claim 28  further comprising one or more reference electrodes. 
     
     
         43.   The device according to  claim 28  further comprising one or more counter-electrodes. 
     
     
         44.   A method for selective synthesis of an array of compounds, the method comprising steps of: 
       a)  providing a device comprising: 
       (i)  a plurality of selectively addressable microelectrodes; 
       (ii)  a conductive matrix disposed on each microelectrode, the matrix comprising carbon, hydrogen and functional reactive groups, wherein the functional reactive groups are activated or deactivated by applying a current or a potential to the conductive matrix; and 
       (iii)  a source of current or potential configured and arranged to selectively provide a current or voltage to each microelectrode, 
       wherein each of the selectively addressable microelectrodes has a smallest lateral dimension, and wherein each microelectrode is separated from other microelectrodes of the device by a distance of at least ten times the smallest lateral dimension of the microelectrode; 
       b)  providing a first reactant; and 
       c)  selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to induce binding of the first reactant to the conductive matrix. 
     
     
         45.   The method according to claim  44 , further comprising repeating the step of selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to induce binding of an additional reactant to form an array of compounds. 
     
     
         46.   The method according to claim  44 , further comprising selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to induce binding of a second reactant to the first reactant. 
     
     
         47.   The method according to claim  44 , wherein the faradaic reaction causes a chemical change in one or more of the functional reactive groups, the reactant, or a chemical species, in the immediate vicinity of the microelectrode. 
     
     
         48.   The method according to claim  47 , wherein the chemical change is a change in ionic concentration or an oxidation or a reduction of the functional reactive groups, the reactant, or the chemical species. 
     
     
         49.   The method according to claim  48  wherein the change in ionic concentration is a change in pH. 
     
     
         50.   The method according to claim  48 , further comprising providing an enzyme, wherein the chemical change is a change in ionic concentration, and wherein adjustment of the ionic concentration in the immediate vicinity of the microelectrode modulates activity of the enzyme in the immediate vicinity of the microelectrode. 
     
     
         51.   The method according to claim  44  wherein the reactant comprises a nucleotide. 
     
     
         52.   The method according to claim  44  wherein the reactant comprises an amino acid. 
     
     
         53.   The method according to claim  44  wherein the reactant comprises an organic compound, an inorganic compound or a metal-organic ion. 
     
     
         54.   The method according to claim  53  wherein the organic compound is ascorbic acid or benzoquinone. 
     
     
         55.   The method according to claim  53  wherein the inorganic compound is iron, cobalt, ruthenium, osmium or copper. 
     
     
         56.   The method according to claim  44  wherein the method comprises: 
       a)  providing a device comprising: 
       (i)   a plurality of selectively addressable microelectrodes; 
       (ii)  a redox polymer comprising poly(4-vinyl pyridine), osmium and amine reactive groups; and 
       (iii) a source of current or potential configured and arranged to selectively apply a current or voltage to each microelectrode; 
       b)  providing a first nucleotide; and 
       c)  selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to induce binding of the first nucleotide to the redox polymer. 
     
     
         57.   The method according to claim  56  further comprising: 
       d)  providing a second nucleotide; and 
       e)  selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to induce binding of the second nucleotide to the redox polymer or to one or more of the first nucleotides. 
     
     
         58.   The method according to claim  56  wherein the step of selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes induces binding of the first nucleotide to one or more of the amine reactive groups. 
     
     
         59.   A method for selective synthesis of an array of compounds, the method comprising steps of: 
       a)  providing a device comprising: 
       (i)  a plurality of selectively addressable microelectrodes; 
       (ii)  a conductive matrix disposed on each microelectrode, the matrix comprising carbon, hydrogen and functional reactive groups, wherein the functional reactive groups are activated or deactivated by applying a current or a potential to the conductive matrix; and 
       (iii)  a source of current or potential providing a selective current or voltage to each microelectrode, 
       wherein each of the selectively addressable microelectrodes has a smallest lateral dimension, and wherein each microelectrode is separated from other microelectrodes of the device by a distance of at least ten times the smallest lateral dimension of the microelectrode; and 
       b)  selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the microelectrode to induce deposit of a metal onto the microelectrode. 
     
     
         60.   The method according to claim  59  further comprising repeating the step of selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the microelectrode to induce deposit of a second metal onto the microelectrode to synthesize a non-stoichiometric inorganic compound or metal alloy on the microelectrode. 
     
     
         61.   The method according to claim  59  further comprising the step of inducing etching or dissolution of a portion of one or more metals deposited onto the microelectrode. 
     
     
         62.   The method according to claim  61  further comprising reacting by heating, oxidation, sulfidation, or consolidation to form an alloy or non-stoichiometric inorganic compound. 
     
     
         63.   A method for selective synthesis of an array of compounds, the method comprising steps of: 
       a)  providing a device comprising: 
       (i)  a plurality of selectively addressable microelectrodes; 
       (ii)  a conductive matrix disposed on each microelectrode, the matrix comprising carbon, hydrogen and functional reactive groups; and 
       (iii)  a source of current or potential configured and arranged to selectively provide a current or voltage to each microelectrode, 
       wherein each of the selectively addressable microelectrodes has a smallest lateral dimension, and wherein each microelectrode is separated from other microelectrodes of the device by a distance of at least ten times the smallest lateral dimension of the microelectrode; 
       b)  providing a first reactant; 
       c)  providing an enzyme; and 
       d)  selectively applying to one or more microelectrodes a current or potential sufficient to cause a faradaic reaction in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes to change ionic concentration in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes, 
       wherein change of the ionic concentration in the immediate vicinity of the one or more microelectrodes modulates activity of the enzyme, and 
       wherein the enzyme catalyzes reaction of the first reactant with the functional reactive groups.

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