Composition and method for catalysis using bentonites

Abstract

Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonites, are activated by contacting the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration and then drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form an activated bentonite catalyst. This activated bentonite catalyst may be used to polymerize a vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomer. In a further embodiment, a perflourinated amine or diamine is synthesized by contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration, drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite, and absorbing a secondary amine with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form a perflouroamide iodide salt. The perflouramide idodide salt can then be extracted with a polar solvent and neutralized by the use of a basic solution.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A bentonite catalyst manufactured by the process comprising: 
 contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration; and    drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite.    
     
     
         2 . A catalyst manufactured by the process in  claim 1  wherein the acid is sulfuric acid and the selected concentration is 0.2-0.9 M..  
     
     
         3 . A catalyst manufactured by the process in  claim 1  wherein the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite is dried between 105° C. and 150° C.  
     
     
         4 . A process for polymerizing vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomers comprising: 
 contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration;    drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite; and    contacting the vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, aldehyde, lactone, or olefin monomer with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite.    
     
     
         5 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite has a SiO 2  concentration of greater than 65% by weight.  
     
     
         6 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein prior to contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration: 
 contacting the vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomer with a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite;  
 boiling the vinyl, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone, acrylic or olefin monomer; and filtering the vinyl, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone, acrylic or olefin monomer to remove the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite.  
 
     
     
         7 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein after drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite and before contacting the vinyl, acrylic, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone or olefin monomer with a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite, placing the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite within an argon or nitrogen atmosphere.  
     
     
         8 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the cyclic ether monomer is tetrahydrofuran.  
     
     
         9 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the cyclic ether monomer is 1,3 dioxolane.  
     
     
         10 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the cyclic ether monomer is epichlorohydrin.  
     
     
         11 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the cyclic ether monomer is 1,2 epoxypropane.  
     
     
         12 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the cyclic ether monomers are 1,3 dioxolane and 1,3,5 trioxane.  
     
     
         13 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the vinyl monomer is styrene.  
     
     
         14 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the olefin monomer is an alpha olefin.  
     
     
         15 . A process in accordance with  claim 14  wherein the alpha olefin is isobutylene.  
     
     
         16 . A process in accordance with  claim 4  wherein the olefin monomer is a diene.  
     
     
         17 . A process for synthesizing a perflourinated amine or diamine comprising: 
 contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration;    drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite;    adsorbing a secondary amine on the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form a perflouroamide iodide salt;    extracting the perflouramide idodide salt with a polar solvent; and    neutralizing the perflouramide iodide salt with a basic solution to form the perflouramide or diamine.    
     
     
         18 . A process in accordance with  claim 17  wherein the polar solvent is chloroform.  
     
     
         19 . A process in accordance with  claim 17  wherein the secondary amine is morpholine, pyrolidinone, piperazine, or piperidone.  
     
     
         20 . A process in accordance with  claim 17  wherein the secondary amines are diodo-perfluoroalkyl and piperazine.  
     
     
         21 . A polymer manufactured by the process comprising: 
 contacting a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite with an acid solution of selected concentration;    drying the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite; and    contacting a vinyl, cyclic ether, non-cyclic vinyl ether, aldehyde, lactone, acrylic or olefin monomer with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite.    
     
     
         22 . A polycyclic lactide manufactured by the process comprising: 
 drying a Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite;    contacting a lactide with the Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite to form a polycyclic lactide/ Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite mixture; and    separating the polycyclic lactide from the polycyclic lactide/Maghnia or Mostaganem bentonite mixture.