US2001029263A1PendingUtilityA1

Novel pyrrolidine carboxylate hair revitalizing agents

Assignee: GUILFORD PHARM INCPriority: Jun 4, 1997Filed: Apr 5, 2001Published: Oct 11, 2001
Est. expiryJun 4, 2017(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
A61P 17/14A61K 8/4913A61K 31/4439A61K 31/426A61K 2800/70A61K 31/4025A61K 31/4545A61K 31/401A61Q 7/00A61K 31/445A61K 31/40C07D 401/06C07D 417/12A61K 31/00C07D 401/12A61K 45/06
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Claims

Abstract

This invention relates to methods of treating hair loss, through hair revitalization and germination, by administering non-immunosuppresive pyrrolidine carboxylate compounds.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A method of revitalizing hair growth which comprises: administering to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         2 . The method of    claim 1    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consistent of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino:  
 X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulphur, methylene, (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; Z may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein  
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         3 . The method of    claim 1    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 1 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         4 . The method of    claim 1    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3,-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3,dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])entyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thiazolyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propy (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidiniecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         5 . A method of promoting hair germination which comprises: administrating to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         6 . The method of    claim 5    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 9  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-, 3-, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino:  
 X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, methylene (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; Z may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein  
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         7 . The method of    claim 5    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         8 . The method of    claim 5    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3,-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3,dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propy (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])entyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thiazolyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) -pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         9 . A method of preventing hair loss which comprises: administering to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         10 . The method of    claim 9    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino:  
 X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, methylene (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; A may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein 
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
 
     
     
         11 . The method of    claim 9    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 2 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 9  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         12 . The method of    claim 9    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3,-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3,dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])entyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thiazolyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         13 . A method of treating alopecia which comprises: administering to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         14 . The method of    claim 13    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino:  
 X is selected from one group consisting of oxygen, sulphur, methylene (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 , alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; Z may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein  
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         15 . The method of    claim 13    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1 is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3 or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 1 , wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         16 . The method of    claim 13    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3,-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thiazolyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) -pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         17 . A method of treating hair loss which comprises: administering to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         18 . The method of    claim 17    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulphur, methylene (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; Z may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein  
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         19 . The method of    claim 17    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 9  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         20 . The method of    claim 17    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])entyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thiazolyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) -pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and mixtures thereof.  
 
     
     
         21 . A method of treating hair loss associated with cancer therapy, wherein the cancer therapy is selected from the group consisting of radiation and chemotherapy, wherein said method comprises: administering to an animal an effective amount of a non-immunosuppressive pyrrolidine carboxylate compound.  
     
     
         22 . The method of    claim 21    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is selected from the group consisting of a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 1 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, Ar 1 , where said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino:  
 X is selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulphur, methylene (CH 2 ), or H 2 ;  
 Y is selected from the group consisting of oxygen or NR 2 , where R 2  is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6  alkyl; and  
 Z is selected from the group consisting of C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl,  
 wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, and Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, and phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; Z may also be the fragment:  
                 
 
 wherein  
 R 3  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched alkyl # 1 -C 8  optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, or Ar 1  as defined above, and unsubstituted Ar 1 ;  
 X 2  is O or NR 5 , where R 5  is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl and alkenyl;  
 R 4  is selected from the group consisting of phenyl, benzyl, C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, and C 1 -C 5  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl substituted with phenyl; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         23 . The method of    claim 21    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate is a compound of the formula:  
                 
 
       wherein 
 R 1  is a C 1 -C 9  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl group optionally substituted with C 3 -C 8  cycloalkyl, C 3  or C 5  cycloalkyl, C 5 -C 7  cycloalkenyl, or Ar 1 , wherein said alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl groups may be optionally substituted with C 1 -C 4  alkyl, C 1 -C 4  alkenyl, or hydroxy, and where Ar 1  is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino;  
 Z is a C 2 -C 6  straight or branched chain alkyl or alkenyl, wherein the alkyl chain is substituted in one or more positions with Ar 1  as defined above, C 3 -C 8  cyclolakyl, cycloalkyl connected by a C 1 -C 6  straight or unbranched alkyl or alkenyl chain, or Ar 2  where Ar 2  is selected from the group consisting of 2-indolyl, 3-indolyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thiazolyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, 4-pyridyl, or phenyl, having one to three substituents which are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, hydroxyl, nitro trifluoromethyl, C 1 -C 6  straight or branched alkyl or alkenyl, C 1 -C 4  alkoxy or C 1 -C 4  alkenyloxy, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and amino; or pharmaceutically acceptable salts or hydrates thereof.  
 
     
     
         24 . The method of    claim 21    wherein the pyrrolidine carboxylate compound is selected from the group consisting of: 
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4,5-methylenedioxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-cyclohexyl-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 (1R)-1,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-furanyl])ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2-[2-thienyl])entyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1propyl (2S)-1-(1,2-dioxo-2,phenyl)ethyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-prop-2-(E)-enyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-1-ethyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(2-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(4-Pyridyl)-1-propyl(2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-phenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexylethyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-tert-butyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxopentyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-cyclohexyl-1,2-dioxoethyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3-(3-Pyridyl)-1-propyl (2S)-N-([2-thienyl]glyoxyl) pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(3,3-dimethyl-1,2-dioxobutyl)-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-cyclohexylglyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate,  
 3,3-Diphenyl-1-propyl (2S)-1-(2-thienyl)glyoxyl-2-pyrrolidinecarboxylate, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, and mixtures thereof.

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