Filtration system including a back washable pre-filtration apparatus

Abstract

A cap assembly for a vessel having a medial portion and a lower end. The vessel is adapted to contain a filtering medium. The cap assembly is provided with a cap having a lower portion, an upper portion, a sidewall extending between the lower portion and the upper portion, and a fluid outlet being formed through a portion of the sidewall. The lower portion is sized so as to be positioned on the medial portion on the vessel to form a fluid-type relationship between the lower portion of the cap and the medial portion of the vessel when the cap is positioned on the medial portion of the vessel and so that fluid communication is established between the cap and the vessel. The fluid outlet is offset laterally from a centrally disposed elongated axis of the cap so as to form a vortex when back washing the filtering medium.

What is claimed is:  
     
         1 . A filtration system for filtering particulate matter from a liquid, the filtration system comprising: 
 a pre-filtration apparatus comprising: 
 a vessel having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a back-washing outlet; and  
 a filtering medium disposed in the vessel and capable of filtering large particulate matter from the liquid and passing fine particulate matter, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet positioned such that liquid flowing therebetween is passed through the filtering medium, and the fluid outlet and back-washing outlet positioned such that liquid flowing therebetween is passed through the filtering medium;  
   a main filtration apparatus comprising: 
 a vessel having a fluid inlet and a fluid outlet; and  
 a filtering medium disposed in the vessel and capable of filtering fine particulate matter from the liquid, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet positioned such that liquid flowing therebetween is passed through the filtering medium;  
   a pump fluidly connected between the pre-filtration apparatus and the main filtration apparatus, the pump having a suction side and a discharge side; and    a pre-filter control assembly fluidly connected between the pre-filtration apparatus and the pump, the pre-filter control assembly having a normal operation setting wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-filtration apparatus is fluidly connected to the suction side of the pump to draw liquid sequentially through the fluid inlet of the pre-filtration apparatus, and the filtering medium of the pre-filtration apparatus, whereby the pre-filtration apparatus functions as a vacuum container, and a back wash operation setting wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-filtration apparatus is fluidly connected to the discharge side of the pump to force liquid sequentially through the fluid outlet of the pre-filtration apparatus, the filtering medium of the pre-filtration apparatus, and the fluid outlet of the pre-filtration apparatus whereby the pre-filtration apparatus functions as a pressurized vessel.    
     
     
         2 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 1   , wherein the filtering medium is further defined as a bed of positively buoyant particulate occupying a volume of between about 30% to about 50% of the volume of the vessel.  
     
     
         3 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 1   , wherein the fluid outlet of the pre-filtration apparatus is offset laterally from an elongated axis of the vessel so as to cause a vortex to form in the vessel when the pre-filter control assembly is set in the back wash operation setting and the liquid is forced through the fluid outlet by the pump.  
     
     
         4 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 1   , wherein the vessel of the main filtration apparatus is further defined as having an upper end and a lower end, and the main filtration apparatus further comprises: 
 a bed of negatively buoyant particulate positioned in the lower end of the vessel;    a bed of positively buoyant particulate suspendable in the upper end of the vessel in a spaced apart relationship from the bed of negatively buoyant particulate;    means for introducing contaminated liquid into the lower end of the vessel in a filtering mode wherein the contaminated liquid is caused to pass through the bed of negatively buoyant particulate and through the bed of positively buoyant particulate to produce a filtered liquid;    means for discharging the filtered liquid from the vessel in the filtering mode;    means for introducing a back wash liquid into the vessel in a back wash mode wherein the back wash liquid is passed through the bed of positively buoyant particulate to flush particulate contaminants therefrom; and    means for discharging the back wash liquid from the vessel at a location between the bed of negatively buoyant particulate and the bed of positively buoyant particulate.    
     
     
         5 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 4   , wherein the bed of negatively buoyant particulate of the main filtration apparatus occupies a volume of about ten to thirty percent of the vessel and wherein the bed of positively buoyant particulate of the main filtration apparatus occupies a volume of about ten to thirty percent of the vessel.  
     
     
         6 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 4   , wherein the means for introducing the contaminated liquid into the vessel comprises: 
 a primary conduit extending into the vessel; and    a pair of laterally extending conduits connected to the primary conduit so as to establish fluid communication therewith in the filtering mode, each laterally extending conduit having a slotted area positioned within the bed of negatively buoyant particulate.    
     
     
         7 . A filtration system as defined in    claim 6   , wherein the means for discharging the back wash liquid from the vessel comprises: 
 a discharge conduit connected to the primary conduit so as to establish fluid communication therewith in the back wash mode, the conduit having a slotted area positioned between the bed of negatively buoyant particulate and the bed of positively buoyant particulate.    
     
     
         8 . A pre-filtration apparatus, comprising: 
 a vessel having a fluid inlet, a fluid outlet, and a back-washing outlet, the fluid outlet being offset laterally from a centrally disposed elongated axis of the vessel; and    a filtering medium disposed in the vessel and capable of filtering large particulate matter from the liquid and passing fine particulate matter, the fluid inlet and the fluid outlet positioned such that liquid flowing therebetween is passed through the filtering medium, and the fluid outlet and back-washing outlet positioned such that liquid flowing therebetween is passed through the filtering medium whereby when liquid is forced through the fluid outlet and into the vessel, a vortex is formed to back wash the filtering medium.    
     
     
         9 . A pre-filtration apparatus as defined in    claim 8   , wherein the filtering medium includes a bed of positively buoyant particulate.  
     
     
         10 . A pre-filtration apparatus as defined in    claim 9   , wherein the vessel has a medial portion, and wherein the vessel further comprises a cap assembly positioned on the upper end of the vessel and removably connected thereto so as to form a fluid tight relationship between the cap assembly and the upper end of the vessel, the fluid outlet being formed through a portion of the cap assembly.  
     
     
         11 . A pre-filtration apparatus as defined in    claim 9   , wherein the vessel has a lower end and the back-washing outlet is formed in the lower end of the vessel, and wherein the vessel further comprises means for preventing the positively buoyant particulate in the bed of positively buoyant particulate from passing through the back-washing outlet as liquid is passed from the fluid outlet to the back-washing outlet.