Device for deformational processing of materials (variants)

Abstract

The devices relate to the nuclear, metallurgical, mining, machine-building and food industries and may be used in producing semi-finished products and items made via the extrusion of powders of composite, polymer and other plastic masses. A device for producing semi-finished products or items made of composite, or polymer, or plasticized powder materials includes a screw press with a housing and a screw within the housing. The housing and the screw each have at least one deformational portion with protrusions and may each be formed integrally with the protrusions or may be formed compositionally, having special insertable rings which are provided with protrusions. In carrying out all three device variants, the housing and the screw are formed compositionally, and have provided, on the deformational portions of a ring, stators, which are secured to neighboring portions of the housing, and rotors, which are secured to neighboring portions of the screw.

The invention claimed is: 
     
       1. A device for deformational processing of materials comprising a screw extruder having
 a housing with a cylindrical inner surface and 
 a screw 
 each one of the last presenting at least one deformation portion located between the screw turns, 
 the extruder housing having, on the inner surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in a row on a circumference and with a space between the same and the outer cylindrical surface of the screw body between the turns of the last, 
 the screw having, on the outer surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in a row on a circumference and with a space between the same and the inner surface of the housing, 
 sizes of said protrusions in the axial direction and location thereof being selected so that when the protrusions of the housing and the protrusions of the screw are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between plain facing surfaces of the protrusions of the housing and of the protrusions of the screw, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of the screw turn, 
 the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternating in the circumferential direction. 
 
     
     
       2. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the screw is made combined in such a way that a part thereof at each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the screw. 
     
     
       3. The device of  claim 1 , wherein the housing is made combined in such a way that a part thereof at each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the housing. 
     
     
       4. A device for deformational processing of materials comprising a screw extruder having
 a housing with a cylindrical inner surface and 
 a screw 
 each one of both of them presenting at least one deformation portion arranged between the screw turns, 
 the extruder housing having, on the inner surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in two rows on a circumference and with a space between the same and the outer cylindrical surface of the screw body between the turns of the last, 
 the screw having, on the outer surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in a row on a circumference between the rows of protrusions of the housing and with a space between the screw protrusions and the inner surface of the housing, 
 sizes of said protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof being selected so that when the protrusions of the housing and the protrusions of the screw are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between plain facing surfaces of the protrusions of the housing and of the protrusions of the screw, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of a screw turn. 
 
     
     
       5. The device of  claim 4 , wherein the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternate in the circumferential direction. 
     
     
       6. The device of  claim 5 , wherein sizes of the protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof are so selected that when the housing protrusions of both rows and the screw protrusions are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between said facing surfaces, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having this distance equal to the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of the screw turn, the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternating in the circumferential direction. 
     
     
       7. The device of  claim 5 , wherein the sizes of the protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof are so selected that when the housing protrusions of one row and the screw protrusions are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between said facing surfaces, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of the screw turn, the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternating in the circumferential direction, and when the protrusions of the second row of the housing and the screw protrusions are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions with a distance between the facing surfaces equal to the minimum allowable clearance L 1  for all the couples of protrusions. 
     
     
       8. The device of  claim 4 , wherein the couples of protrusions of the housing in a row and the screw protrusions have the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions of the housing in another row and the screw protrusions have the distance L 2 . 
     
     
       9. The device of  claim 4 , wherein the screw is made combined in such a way that a part thereof on each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the screw. 
     
     
       10. The device of  claim 9 , wherein the housing is made combined in such a way that a part thereof at each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the housing. 
     
     
       11. The device of  claim 4 , wherein the housing is made combined in such a way that a part thereof at each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the housing. 
     
     
       12. A device for deformational processing of materials comprising a screw extruder having
 a housing with a cylindrical inner surface and 
 a screw 
 each one of both of them presenting at least one deformation portion located between the screw turns, 
 the screw having, on the outer surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in two rows on a circumference and with a space between 
 the screw protrusions and the inner surface of the housing, the extruder housing having, on the inner surface of at least one deformation portion, several protrusions arranged in a row on a circumference between the rows of screw protrusions and with a space between the housing protrusions and the outer cylindrical surface of the screw body between the turns of the same, 
 sizes of said protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof being selected so that when the protrusions of the housing and the protrusions of the screw of at least one row are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between plain facing surfaces of the protrusions of the housing and of the protrusions of the screw, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of a screw turn. 
 
     
     
       13. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternate in the circumferential direction. 
     
     
       14. The device of  claim 13 , wherein the sizes of protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof are selected so that when the housing protrusions and the screw protrusions of both rows are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between said facing surfaces, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of the screw turn, the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternating in the circumferential direction. 
     
     
       15. The device of  claim 13 , wherein the sizes of protrusions in the axial direction and the arrangement thereof are selected so that when the housing protrusions and the screw protrusions of one row are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between said facing surfaces, a distance equal to a minimum allowable clearance L 1  for some couples of protrusions, the other couples of protrusions having this distance equal to the distance L 2  that is not less than the half-height of the screw turn, the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 1  and the couples of protrusions or groups of couples of protrusions with the distance L 2  alternating in the circumferential direction, and when the housing protrusions and the screw protrusions of the second row are facing each other, they form couples of protrusions having, between said facing surfaces, a distance equal to the minimum allowable clearance L 1  for all the couples of protrusions. 
     
     
       16. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the couples of screw protrusions of one row and the housing protrusions have the distance L 1  and the couples of screw protrusions of the other row and the housing protrusions have the distance L 2 . 
     
     
       17. The device of  claim 12 , wherein the screw is made combined in such a way that a part thereof at each deformation portion is made as at least one ring rigidly attached to an adjacent part of the screw.