US10006880B2ActiveUtilityA1

Test strips having ceria nanoparticle electrodes

62
Assignee: ABBOTT DIABETES CARE INCPriority: Sep 21, 2012Filed: Sep 20, 2013Granted: Jun 26, 2018
Est. expirySep 21, 2032(~6.2 yrs left)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Adam Heller
G01N 27/3278G01N 27/3272A61B 2562/0209A61B 5/14532A61B 5/14865A61B 5/145A61B 5/14542G01N 27/301A61B 5/14503A61B 5/14539A61B 5/1486B82Y 30/00A61B 5/14546A61B 5/1468
62
PatentIndex Score
0
Cited by
98
References
31
Claims

Abstract

Ceria nanoparticle compositions for use with in vitro electrochemical chemical or biochemical sensors (e.g., test strip glucose sensors), for example to form a cathode or a reference electrode, are provided. The ceria nanoparticle compositions may be combined with a conductive material (e.g., mixed with) to form the cathode or the reference electrode or the ceria nanoparticle compositions may be deposited over a layer of conductive material to form the cathode or the reference electrode. Electrochemical in vitro sensors for determining the concentration of an analyte having a reference electrode and/or a cathode including a ceria nanoparticle composition, and methods for determining an analyte concentration using the electrochemical sensors are also described. Methods of making in vitro electrochemical sensors having a reference electrode and/or a cathode including a ceria nanoparticle composition are also provided.

Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
What is claimed is: 
     
       1. An electrode assembly for an in vitro electrochemical sensor, the electrode assembly comprising:
 a first electrode comprising an analyte responsive enzyme; and 
 a second electrode in electrical communication with the first electrode, the second electrode comprising a substrate and a ceria nanoparticle composition applied upon the substrate, the ceria nanoparticle composition having a total mass of ceria nanoparticles per cm 2  of substrate area in a range of 0.5 mg/cm 2  to 500 mg/cm 2 . 
 
     
     
       2. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticles have a particle size from 2 nm to 50 nm. 
     
     
       3. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition comprises a weight percentage of ceria nanoparticles from 10% to 80%. 
     
     
       4. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a polymer, the polymer being water soluble or water swellable. 
     
     
       5. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a conductive material. 
     
     
       6. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a conductive material comprising branched carbon black particles having a diameter of 2 nm to 50 nm. 
     
     
       7. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the substrate is conductive. 
     
     
       8. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 ,
 wherein the substrate is non-conductive and is coated with a conductive material, the ceria nanoparticle composition being applied upon the conductive material. 
 
     
     
       9. The electrode assembly according to  claim 8 , wherein the conductive material comprises gold, platinum, palladium, carbon, indium tin oxide, ruthenium oxide, or doped tin oxide. 
     
     
       10. The electrode assembly according to  claim 8 , wherein the conductive material comprises a conductive polymer. 
     
     
       11. The electrode assembly according to  claim 10 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises PEDOT. 
     
     
       12. The electrode assembly according to  claim 10 , wherein the conductive polymer is polycationic. 
     
     
       13. The electrode assembly according to  claim 10 , wherein the conductive polymer comprises a polymer of thiophene or of a substituted thiophene; a polymer of pyrrole or of a substituted pyrrole; or a polyacetylene. 
     
     
       14. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticles have the formula CeO 2-x  and x ranges from 0 to 0.5. 
     
     
       15. The electrode assembly according to  claim 14 , wherein x ranges from 0.01 to 0.2 for 50% or greater of the ceria nanoparticles. 
     
     
       16. The electrode assembly according to  claim 14 , wherein x ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 for 50% or greater of the ceria nanoparticles. 
     
     
       17. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticles have the formula Ce 2 O 3 . 
     
     
       18. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the ceria nanoparticles comprise oxygen anion vacancy defects. 
     
     
       19. The electrode assembly according to  claim 18 , wherein 1% to 20% of oxygen sites on the portion of the ceria nanoparticles are oxygen anion vacancy defects. 
     
     
       20. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein at least a portion of the ceria nanoparticles are doped with a dopant selected from the group consisting of lanthanum, copper, zinc, cobalt, calcium, aluminum, and any combination thereof, the dopant being present in a range of 1 mole percent to 25 mole percent. 
     
     
       21. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the total mass of ceria nanoparticles per cm 2  of substrate area is in the range of 10 mg/cm 2  to 250 mg/cm 2 . 
     
     
       22. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises hydrochloric acid. 
     
     
       23. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises an organic acid in the range of 0.01 w/v % to 1 w/v %. 
     
     
       24. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a binder in the range of 1% by weight to 25% by weight. 
     
     
       25. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a cationic surfactant in the range of 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight. 
     
     
       26. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a cationic surfactant and a binder, a molar ratio of cationic surfactant to binder ranging from 1:1 to 1:1000. 
     
     
       27. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is an anode, and the second electrode is a cathode. 
     
     
       28. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the first electrode is an anode, and the second electrode is a reference electrode. 
     
     
       29. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the substrate has a length in a range of 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm, and a width in a range of 0.1 mm to 5.0 mm. 
     
     
       30. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition comprises one or more layers and has a total thickness in a range of 5 μm to 100 μm. 
     
     
       31. The electrode assembly according to  claim 1 , wherein the ceria nanoparticle composition further comprises a zwitterionic polymer.

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