Short circuit fault isolation means for electrical circuit arrangements

Abstract

Circuitry is described for isolating a section of a loop circuit (L) from a bi-directional supply unit (20) in the event of a short circuit in the section. One or more circuit elements (21), such as fire detectors, are connected in respective portions of the loop circuit and between respective pairs of bi-directional isolators (1,2,3,4). Each isolator includes switching means (TR1,TR3) providing low and high impedance paths for respectively supplying current to said circuit elements and isolating said circuit elements from the supply unit (20). Each isolator also includes sensing means (TR2, D1, DS7) for sensing a short circuit in any one of the circuit elements (21) whereby the sensing means causes a change in state of the switching means from the low to the high impedance path thereby isolating the circuit elements in the respective section of the loop from the supply unit.

I claim: 
     
       1. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.A short circuit detection system comprising a loop circuit, said loop circuit being connected to a bi-directional power supply unit, the system further comprising circuitry .Iaddend.for isolating a section of .[.a.]. .Iadd.said .Iaddend.loop circuit from .[.a bi-directional.]. .Iadd.said .Iaddend.supply unit in the event of a short circuit in said section, said circuitry comprising one or more .[.circuit elements.]. .Iadd.fire detectors which are operationally dependent on the power supplied by said supply unit, said first detectors being .Iaddend.connected between .Iadd.adjacent .Iaddend.bi-directional isolating means in each section of said loop circuit, each of said isolating means comprising first and second terminal means coupled respectively to sequential sections of the loop circuit, translator switching means providing a low impedance path and a high impedance path, said low impedance .[.path.]. .Iadd.paths .Iaddend.supplying current .[.to said circuit elements.]. .Iadd.continuously to said first detectors .Iaddend.from said supply unit and said high impedance .[.path.]. .Iadd.paths .Iaddend.isolating said .[.circuit elements.]. .Iadd.fire detectors .Iaddend.from said supply unit; and sensing means for sensing a short circuit in either one of the sequential sections coupled to said first and second terminal means; said transistor switching means being biased by said sensing means to cause said transistor switching means to provide said low impedance path in the absence of said short circuit and to cause a change in state from said low impedance path to said high impedance path in the event of said short circuit .[.so as to isolate the elements in the section coupled to the other of said first and second terminals from said short circuit.]..Iadd.; said sensing means being independently and simultaneously responsive to a change of voltage level in a short circuited section of the loop between adjacent ones of said isolating means, whereby only those of said isolating means immediately adjacent the short circuited section autonomously and simultaneously block the supply of power to said first detectors therebetween without preventing other of said isolating means from supplying current continuously from said supply unit to those of said first detectors which are not isolated.Iaddend.. 
     
     
       2. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said .[.circuit elements.]. .Iadd.fire detectors .Iaddend.is connected in series between .[.each pair.]. .Iadd.adjacent .Iaddend.of said bi-directional isolating means. 
     
     
       3. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said .[.circuit elements.]. .Iadd.fire detectors .Iaddend.is connected in respective spurs between .[.each pair.]. .Iadd.adjacent .Iaddend.of said isolating means. 
     
     
       4. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of said .[.circuit elements.]. .Iadd.first detectors .Iaddend.is interconnected in respective loops between .[.each pair.]. .Iadd.adjacent .Iaddend.of said isolating means and .[.each pair.]. .Iadd.adjacent .Iaddend.of said isolating means .[.is.]. .Iadd.are .Iaddend.also interconnected. 
     
     
       5. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 4 and adapted for the supply of alternating current, wherein each of said isolating means is a non-polarized .[.from.]. .Iadd.form .Iaddend.and comprises polarized isolators connected to respective lines supplying said alternating current, opposite poles of said isolating means being interconnected. 
     
     
       6. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 1, wherein, in each of said isolating means, said transistor switching means comprises transistors connected to respective diodes for conducting currents in respective forward and reverse directions in said low impedance path. 
     
     
       7. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 6, wherein an impedance is connected in a shunt path.[.,.]. across said transistor switching means in order to improve the switch-on characteristics of said isolating means when power is first applied. 
     
     
       8. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection systems .Iaddend.according to claim 7, wherein, in each of said isolating means, said transistor switching means comprises VMOS devices which conduct currents bi-directionally in said low impedance path. 
     
     
       9. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 8, wherein an oscillating circuit is connected across a bridge rectifier circuit in order to operate an indicator intermittently on detecting a short circuit on either side of said isolating means. 
     
     
       10. .[.Circuitry.]. .Iadd.The short circuit detection system .Iaddend.according to claim 6, wherein said sensing means comprises a transistor for biasing said transistors of said transistor switching means to provide respective low impedance paths, said transistor of said sensing means being biased by current derived from respective diode circuits, which diode circuits become respectively forward.[.,.]. or reverse biased in response to a short circuit in one of said circuit elements whereby said transistor of said sensing means is biased into a non-conducting state, thereby biasing said transistors of said transistor switching means into a non-conducting state to provide respective high impedance paths.