Polyvinyl chloride compositions and processing

Abstract

The present invention describes the use of particular partial esters of pentaerythritol as agents for lowering the viscosity of polyvinyl chloride resin materials.

What is claimed is: 
     
       1. A partial ester of pentaerythritol which is useful for internal lubricating functions and also to function as a hydrogen chloride scavenger in a polyvinyl chloride product such compound is further described as: a partial ester of 2,2-bishydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol which contains as the saturated fatty acid portion of said ester the following components: (a) from 0 to 10 percent of 14 carbon fatty acid;   (b) 0 to 5 percent of 15 carbon fatty acid;   (c) 30 to 60 percent of 16 carbon fatty acid;   (d) 0 to 5 percent of 17 carbon fatty acid; and   (e) 30 to 60 percent 18 carbon fatty acid      reacted to give from 25 to 45 percent monoester, from 40 to 60 percent diester and from about 15 to about 30 percent triester, such that said partial ester is substantially free of unreacted 2,2-bishydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol and substantially free of the tetraester.   
     
     
       2. The compositions of claim 1 which is substantially free of fatty acids. 
     
     
       3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the content of 16 carbon fatty acids is from about 35 to about 55 percent and the content of 18 carbon fatty acids is from about 40 to about 55 percent. 
     
     
       4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the partial ester contains from about 27 to about 35 percent by weight monoester, from 45 percent to about 55 percent by weight diester and from about 18 percent to about 23 percent by weight triester. 
     
     
       5. A process for manufacturing polyvinyl chloride products wherein a composition is formed containing as required components: (a) an organo-tin compound as a primary stabilizer to retard against hydrogen chloride degradation of the product;   (b) a polyvinyl chloride resin and;   (c) as an extender stabilizer a calcium fatty acid, the improvement therein comprising the addition of an effective amount of a partial ester of:   2,2-bishydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol which contains as the saturated fatty acid portion of said ester the following components:   (a) from 0 to 10 percent of 14 carbon saturated acid;   (b) 0 to 8 percent of 15 carbon saturated acid;   (c) 30 to 70 percent of 16 carbon saturated acid;   (d) 0 to 8 percent of 17 carbon saturated acid; and   (e) 30 to 70 percent of 18 carbon saturated acid reacted to give from 20 to 50 percent monoester, from 35 to 65 percent diester and from about 10 to about 35 percent triester, such that said partial ester is substantially free of unreacted 2,2-bishydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol and substantially free of the tetraester thereby lowering the viscosity of said composition during formation of the polyvinyl chloride product.     
     
     
       6. The process of claim 5 wherein the partial ester is present at from about 0.1 percent to about 5.0 percent by weight of the total composition. 
     
     
       7. The process of claim 5 wherein the acid portion of the partial ester has the following carbon chain length distribution: (a) 0 percent to 10 percent by weight 14 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (b) 0 percent to 5 percent by weight 15 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (c) 30 percent to 60 percent by weight 16 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (d) 0 percent to 5 percent by weight 17 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (e) 30 percent to 60 percent by weight 18 carbon saturated fatty acid.   
     
     
       8. The composition of claim 5 wherein the partial ester is present at from about 0.2 percent to about 3.0 percent by weight of the polyvinyl chloride product. 
     
     
       9. The process of claim 5 wherein the acid portion of the partial ester has the following carbon chain length distribution: (a) 1 percent to 5 percent by weight 14 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (b) 0.1 percent to 5 percent by weight 15 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (c) 35 percent to 55 percent by weight 16 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (d) 1 percent to 5 percent by weight 17 carbon saturated fatty acid;   (e) 40 percent to 55 percent by weight 18 carbon saturated fatty acid;   
     
     
       10. The process of claim 5 wherein the polyvinyl chloride product is substantially free of fatty acids. 
     
     
       11. The process of claim 5 wherein the calcium fatty acid is calcium stearate. 
     
     
       12. The process of claim 5 wherein the amount of the calcium fatty acid present is at from about 0.3 percent to about 2.0 percent by weight of the polyvinyl chloride product. 
     
     
       13. The process of claim 5 wherein the polyvinyl chloride product is formed through a member selected from the group consisting of molding, extruding or calendering.