Measuring instrument, electrical resistance elements and measuring system for measuring time-variable magnetic fields or field gradients

Abstract

A measuring instrument for time-variable magnetix fluxes, or flux gradients, to electrical resistance elements, and a measuring system comprising a measuring instrument or electrical resistance element. The core component of the measuring instrument is a flux transformer composed of a base material which has a phase transition to the superconducting state. Even when the base material is in the superconducting state, this flux transformer comprises at least one load region having electrical resistance that is other than zero for dissipating the electric energy in the conductor loop thereof. For this purpose, the conductor loop and the magnetic field source are disposed in one plane and are typically photolithographically structured. The resistance elements, having resistance values of ≦10 −4 Ω, are used as core components in the measuring instrument. No measurement is possible in a broader frequency range, with less noise and with greater sensitivity than was possible with generic measuring instruments or measuring systems.

1 - 43 . (canceled) 
     
     
         44 . An electrical resistance element having a resistance value that is other than zero and is 10 −4  or less, comprising a coplanar structure composed of mutually spaced electrodes, which are electrically connected by a resistance layer made of a normally conducting material, the material of the electrodes having a phase transition to the superconducting state. 
     
     
         45 . The electrical resistance element according to  claim 44 , wherein the electrodes are meander-shaped. 
     
     
         46 . The electrical resistance element according to  claim 44 , wherein the structure has an interdigitizing design. 
     
     
         47 .- 50 . (canceled)