Cellular hydration compositions

Abstract

A composition interacts with a biological cell system that includes bioactive molecules with biomolecular surfaces, cellular components and water molecules with a specific density. The composition includes a biologically active component that is constructed to increase an activity of a biological cell system by increasing the hydration of one or more components of that cell system. The biologically active component may include a primary carbohydrate clathrate subcomponent that increases the H-bonded structure of water, and a secondary solute subcomponent. The biologically active component may include an inclusion complex that is made up of a clathrate component and a complex-forming compound. The clathrate subcomponent may include amyloses or cyclodextrins. There is also a beverage and a method that improves cellular hydration in an animal, such as a human.

1 . A composition that interacts with a biological cell system that includes bioactive molecules with biomolecular surfaces, cellular components and water molecules with a specific density, comprising:
 a biologically active component that is constructed to increase an activity of a biological cell system by increasing the hydration of one or more components of that cell system.   
     
     
         2 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biologically active component includes a primary carbohydrate clathrate subcomponent that increases the H-bonded structure of water. 
     
     
         3 . The composition of  claim 2 , wherein the biologically active component includes a secondary solute subcomponent. 
     
     
         4 . The composition of  claim 3 , wherein the secondary solute subcomponent is a bioactive agent. 
     
     
         5 . The composition of  claim 1 , wherein the biologically active component includes an inclusion complex that is made up of a clathrate component and a complex-forming compound. 
     
     
         6 . The composition of  claim 5 , wherein the complex-forming compound is a bioactive agent. 
     
     
         7 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the clathrate subcomponent includes a compound chosen from the group consisting of amyloses and cyclodextrins. 
     
     
         8 . The composition of  claim 2  wherein the clathrate subcomponent includes a cyclodextrin. 
     
     
         9 . The composition of  claim 8  wherein the cyclodextrin is constructed to exhibit kosmotrope activity that increases the bonded structure of the water. 
     
     
         10 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the cyclodextrin is constructed to cause an increase in H-bonding between the water molecules, which increase modifies the hydration of biomolecular surfaces of the biological cell system and thereby alters the interaction between cellular components of the biological cell system. 
     
     
         11 . The composition of  claim 9 , wherein the cyclodextrin is constructed to strengthen H-bonding between water molecules, to cause an open water structure with a lower specific density, and to increase a rate of diffusion of the bioactive molecules. 
     
     
         12 . The composition of  claim 11 , further including bioactive molecules that are chosen from the group consisting of enzymes, enzyme substrates, nutrients, metabolites, cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, extracellular signals, intracellular messengers, and pharmacological agents. 
     
     
         13 . The composition of  claim 7 , wherein the cyclodextrin is chosen from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, methylated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, 2-hydroxypropylated β-cyclodextrins, water soluble β-cyclodextrin polymers, partially acetylated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, ethylated α-, β-, and β-cyclodextrins, carboxy-alkylated β-cyclodextrins, quaternary-ammonium salts of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, an amylose (e.g., an acetylated amylose), and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         14 . The composition of  claim 7 , further including a complex-forming agent, and wherein the clathrate subcomponent is capable of forming an inclusion complex with the complex-forming agent. 
     
     
         15 . The composition of  claim 14 , wherein the complex-forming agent is chosen from the group consisting of amino acids, vitamins, flavorants, odorants, and colorants. 
     
     
         16 . The composition of  claim 15 , wherein the clathrate subcomponent is chosen from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, caboxymethylated-cyclodextrins, quaternary-ammonium-cyclodextrins, amyloses, amylose derivatives, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         17 . A composition that interacts with a biological cell system that includes bioactive molecules with biomolecular surfaces, cellular components and water molecules with a specific density, comprising:
 a primary carbohydrate clathrate component that is capable of increasing the H-bonded structure of water;   a secondary solute subcomponent; and   wherein the clathrate component and the solute component are capable of increasing an activity of a biological cell system by increasing the hydration of one or more components of that cell system.   
     
     
         18 . The composition of  claim 17 , wherein the clathrate subcomponent includes a compound chosen from the group consisting of amyloses and cyclodextrins. 
     
     
         19 . The composition of  claim 17 , wherein the secondary solute subcomponent is a bioactive agent. 
     
     
         20 . The composition of  claim 17 , further including a complex-forming compound, and wherein the clathrate compound and the complex-forming compound form an inclusion complex. 
     
     
         21 . The composition of  claim 20 , further including bioactive molecules that are chosen from the group consisting of enzymes, enzyme substrates, nutrients, metabolites, cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones, extracellular signals, intracellular messengers, and pharmacological agents. 
     
     
         22 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein the clathrate component is a cyclodextrin that is chosen from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, methylated β-cyclodextrins, 2-hydroxypropylated β-cyclodextrins, water soluble β-cyclodextrin polymers, partially acetylated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, ethylated α-, β-, and β-cyclodextrins, carboxy-alkylated β-cyclodextrins, quaternary-ammonium salts of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, an amylose (e.g., an acetylated amylose), and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         23 . The composition of  claim 22 , wherein the complex-forming agent is chosen from the group consisting of amino acids, vitamins, flavorants, odorants, and colorants. 
     
     
         24 . The composition of  claim 18 , wherein the clathrate subcomponent is chosen from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-cyclodextrins, caboxymethylated-cyclodextrins, quaternary-ammonium-cyclodextrins, amyloses, amylose derivatives, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         25 . A beverage that interacts with a biological cell system that includes bioactive molecules with biomolecular surfaces, cellular components and water molecules with a specific density, comprising:
 an aqueous component chosen from the group consisting of still and carbonated liquids;   a primary carbohydrate clathrate component that is capable of increasing the H-bonded structure of water;   a secondary solute subcomponent; and   wherein the clathrate component and the solute component are capable of increasing an activity of a biological cell system by increasing the hydration of one or more components of that cell system.   
     
     
         26 . The beverage of  claim 25 , wherein the clathrate subcomponent includes a compound chosen from the group consisting of amyloses and cyclodextrins. 
     
     
         27 . The beverage of  claim 26 , wherein the secondary solute subcomponent is a bioactive agent. 
     
     
         28 . The beverage of  claim 27 , further including a complex-forming compound, and wherein the clathrate compound and the complex-forming compound form an inclusion complex. 
     
     
         29 . The beverage of  claim 28 , further including a flavorant that is chosen from the group consisting of apple, apricot, banana, grape, blackcurrant, raspberry, peach, pear, pineapple, plum, orange, and vanilla flavorants. Examples of flavorant related compounds include butyl acetate, butyl isovalerate, allyl butyrate, amyl valerate, ethyl acetate, ethyl valerate, amyl acetate, maltol, isoamyl acetate, ethyl maltol, isomaltol, diacetyl, ethyl propionate, methyl anthranilate, methyl butyrate, pentyl butyrate, pentyl pentanoate, erythritol, maltitol, mannitol, sorbitol, lactitol, xylitol, inositol, isomalt, propylene glycol, glycerol (glycerine), threitol, galactitol, palatinose, reduced isomalto-oligosaccharides, reduced xylo-oligosaccharides, reduced gentio-oligosaccharides, reduced maltose syrup, and reduced glucose syrup. 
     
     
         30 . The beverage of  claim 28 , further including a colorant that is chosen from the group consisting of betalains, betacyanins, betaxanthins, vulgaxanthin, miraxanthin, portulaxanthin, indicaxanthin, anthocyanidins, aurantinidin, cyanidin, delphinidin, europinidin, luteolinidin, pelargonidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, rosinidin, corresponding anthocyanins or glucosides of anthocyanidins, turmeric type colorants, phenolic curcuminoids, curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. 
     
     
         31 . The beverage of  claim 28 , further including a vitamin that is chosen from the group consisting of nicotinamide (vitamin B 3 ), niacinamide, niacin, pyridoxal hydrochloride (vitamin B 6 ), ascorbic acid, edible ascorbyl esters, riboflavin, pyridoxine, thiamine, vitamin B 9 , folic acid, folate, pteroyl-L-glutamic acid, pteroyl-L-glutamate, salts thereof, and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         32 . The beverage of  claim 28 , further including an amino acid or amine. 
     
     
         33 . The beverage of  claim 32 , wherein the amino acid is chosen from the group consisting of aspartic acid, arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, proline, threonine, theanine, cysteine, cystine, alanine, valine, tyrosine, leucine, isoleucine, asparagine, serine, lysine, histidine, ornithine, methionine, carnitine, aminobutyric acid (alpha-, beta-, and gamma-isomers), glutamine, hydroxyproline, taurine, norvaline, sarcosine, salts thereof, mixtures thereof, and N-alkyl C 1 -C 3  and N-acylated C 1 -C 3  derivatives of these amino acids, and mixtures of any of the amino acids or derivatives thereof. 
     
     
         34 . A method of improving cellular hydration in an animal, such as a human, with a body in which physiological conditions occur, and in which there is a biological cell system that includes bioactive molecules with biomolecular surfaces, cellular components and water molecules with a specific density, comprising:
 preparing a beverage by dissolving an inclusion complex formed by a carbohydrate clathrate component and a complex-forming agent capable of dissociating from carbohydrate clathrate component under the physiological conditions; and   causing the animal to orally ingest the beverage, whereupon the carbohydrate clathrate component dissociates from the complex-forming agent and modifies the strength, extent, and kinetics of the hydrogen bonded water structure at cellular biomolecular surfaces.   
     
     
         35 . The method of  claim 34 , further including the step of choosing the clathrate component from the group consisting of amyloses and cyclodextrins. 
     
     
         36 . The method of  claim 35 , wherein the choosing step includes choosing a cyclodextrin from the group consisting of α-cyclodextrin, β-cyclodextrin, γ-cyclodextrin, methylated β-cyclodextrins, 2-hydroxypropylated β-cyclodextrins, water soluble β-cyclodextrin polymers, partially acetylated α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, ethylated α-, β-, and β-cyclodextrins, carboxy-alkylated β-cyclodextrins, quaternary-ammonium salts of α-, β-, and γ-cyclodextrins, an amylose (e.g., an acetylated amylose), and mixtures thereof. 
     
     
         37 . The method of  claim 34 , further including the step of selecting a complex-forming agent from the group consisting of amino acids, vitamins, flavorants, odorants, and colorants.