US2006178317A1PendingUtilityA1
Methods of increasing endogenous erythropoietin (EPO)

Assignee: FIBROGEN INCPriority: Dec 6, 2001Filed: Apr 17, 2006Published: Aug 10, 2006
Est. expiryDec 6, 2021(expired)· nominal 20-yr term from priority
Inventors:Stephen J. Klaus Al Y. Lin Thomas B. Neff Qingjian Wang Volkmar Guenzler-Pukall Michael P. Arend Lee A. Flippin Alex Melekhov
A61P 9/00A61P 9/08A61P 37/00A61P 7/00A61P 9/10A61P 9/04A61P 3/10A61P 7/06A61P 9/12A61P 39/00A61P 37/04A61P 43/00A61P 25/14A61P 25/08A61P 35/00A61P 29/00A61P 31/00A61P 25/00A61P 25/28A61P 25/16A61P 1/04A61P 11/00A61P 13/12A61P 17/02A61P 1/16A61K 31/496A61K 31/17G01N 33/746A61K 31/4738A61K 31/00A61K 31/4418A61K 38/1709C07K 14/505A61K 31/44A61K 31/47A61K 31/472A61K 31/4375C07K 14/4702A61K 31/63A61K 31/4745
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Claims
Abstract

The present invention relates to methods for treating erythropoietin-associated conditions by increasing endogenous erythropoietin in vitro and in vivo. Methods for treating, pretreating or preconditioning, or preventing erythropoietin-associated conditions are also included. Compounds for use in these methods are provided, as are methods of identifying such compounds.
Claims

exact text as granted — not AI-modified
1 . A method for treating anemia in a mammalian subject having or at risk for having anemia, the method comprising administering to the subject an effective amount of a compound of Formula Id  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein  
         A is 1,2-arylidene, 1,3-arylidene, 1,4-arylidene; or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene, optionally substituted by one or two halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) Hal g , (C 1 -C 6 )-fluoroalkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-fluoroalkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-fluoroalkynyloxy, —OCF 2 Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl; (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, anilino, N-methylanilino, phenylmercapto, phenylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl; or by a substituted (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl radical, which carries in the aryl moiety one to five identical or different substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) Hal g , —OCF 2 Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl; 
 or wherein A is —CR 5 R 6  and R 5  and R 6  are each independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, aryl, or a substituent of the α-carbon atom of an α-amino acid, wherein the amino acid is a natural L-amino acid or its D-isomer;  
 
         B is —CO 2 H, —NH 2 , —NHSO 2 CF 3 , tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, 3-hydroxyisoxazolyl, —CONHCOR′″, —CONHSOR′″, CONHSO 2 R′″, where R′″ is aryl, heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, optionally monosubstituted by (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, heteroaryl, OH, SH, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-thioalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-sulfinyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-sulfonyl, CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , —COOH, (C 2 -C 5 )-alkoxycarbonyl, NH 2 , mono-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-amino, di-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-amino, or (C 1 -C 4 )-perfluoroalkyl; or wherein B is a CO 2 -G carboxyl radical, where G is a radical of an alcohol G-OH in which G is selected from (C 1 -C 20 )-alkyl radical, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl radical, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyl radical, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkenyl radical, retinyl radical, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyl radical, (C 4 -C 20 )-alkenynyl radical, where the alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, and alkenynyl radicals contain one or more multiple bonds; (C 6 -C 16 )-carbocyclic aryl radical, (C 7 -C 16 )-carbocyclic aralkyl radical, heteroaryl radical, or heteroaralkyl radical, wherein a heteroaryl radical or heteroaryl moiety of a heteroaralkyl radical contains 5 or 6 ring atoms; and wherein radicals defined for G are substituted by one or more hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 5 -C 8 )-cycloalkenyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, acyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-carbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 2 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C—C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )arylcarbonylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkylcarbonylamino(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 6 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido, or N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido; wherein radicals which are aryl or contain an aryl moiety, may be substituted on the aryl by one to five identical or different hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-carbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkylaralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         X is O or S;  
         Q is O, S, NR′, or a bond; where, 
 if Q is a bond, R 4  is halogen, nitrile, or trifluoromethyl; or where,  
 
          if Q is O, S, or NR′, R 4  is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl radical, (C 2 -C 10 )-alkenyl radical, (C 2 -C 10 )-alkynyl radical, wherein alkenyl or alkynyl radical contains one or two C—C multiple bonds; unsubstituted fluoroalkyl radical of the formula —[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl radical, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl radical, aryl radical, heteroaryl radical, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl radical, or a radical of the formula Z  
           —[CH 2 ] v —[O] w —[CH 2 ] t -E  (Z)  where    E is a heteroaryl radical, a (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl radical, or a phenyl radical of the formula F                          v is 0-6,    w is 0 or 1,    t is 0-3, and    R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11  are identical or different and are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , —OCF 2 —Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, or (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, NR Y R Z  wherein R y  and R z  are independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 12 )aralkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl; or further wherein R y  and R z  together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbonylimino, or N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxycarbonylimino; phenylmercapto, phenylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylsulfamoyl, or N,N-di-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylsulfamoyl;    or alternatively R 7  and R 8 , R 8  and R 9 , R 9  and R 10 , or R 10  and R 11 , together are a chain selected from —[CH 2 ] n — or —CH═CH—CH═CH—, where a CH 2  group of the chain is optionally replaced by O, S, SO, SO 2 , or NR Y ; and n is 3, 4, or 5; and if E is a heteroaryl radical, said radical can carry 1-3 substituents selected from those defined for R 7 -R 11 , or if E is a cycloalkyl radical, the radical can carry one substituent selected from those defined for R 7 -R 11 ;    
          or where, if Q is NR′, R 4  is alternatively R″, where R′ and R″ are identical or different and are hydrogen, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, or optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl; or R′ and R″ together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N-acylimino, or N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxycarbonylimino, and h is 3 to 7;  
         V is S, O, or NR k , and R k  is selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, aryl, or benzyl; where an aryl radical may be optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C1-C 16 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 1 6 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 2 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C1-C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, CON(CH 2 ) h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by, O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(Cl —C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 2 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino- (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         R 3 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , and R 27  are identical or different and are hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkenyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkynyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxy, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxy, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxy, retinyloxy, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, retinyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenylcarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, retinyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 18 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 6 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl; CON(CH 2 ) h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; a carbamoyl radical of the formula R  
         
           
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           in which  
           R x  and R v  are each independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, aryl, or the substituent of an α-carbon of an α-amino acid, to which the L- and D-amino acids belong,  
           s is 1-5,  
           T is OH, or NR*R**, and R*, R** and R*** are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (+)-dehydroabietyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkanoyl, optionally substituted (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoyl, optionally substituted (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl; or R* and R** together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, SO, SO 2 , N-acylamino, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxycarbonylimino, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 6 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7;  
           carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 2 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxyamino, (C 1 -C 2 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 2 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido, and N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido; where an aryl radical may be substituted by 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 2 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 2 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 6 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, CON(CH 2 ) h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by, O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         
         f is 1 to 8;  
         g is 0 or 1 to (2f+1);  
         x is 0 to 3;  
         or a physiologically active salt or prodrug derived therefrom.  
       
     
     
         2 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human subject.  
     
     
         3 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered orally.  
     
     
         4 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered systemically.  
     
     
         5 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered by injection.  
     
     
         6 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the compound is administered intravenously.  
     
     
         7 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises administering to the subject a compound selected from the group consisting of: an iron supplement, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, exogenous erythropoietin, and granulocyte-colony stimulating factor.  
     
     
         8 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has or is at risk for having a condition or disorder selected from the group consisting of: a renal disorder, an inflammatory disorder, blood loss, a disease of the bone marrow, an autoimmune disorder, an immunosuppressive disease, and an infection.  
     
     
         9 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the renal disorder is chronic kidney disease.  
     
     
         10 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the disease of the bone marrow is myelodysplastic syndrome.  
     
     
         11 . The method of  claim 8 , wherein the autoimmune disorder is rheumatoid arthritis.  
     
     
         12 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject is undergoing or is expected to undergo a procedure selected from the group consisting of: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, surgery, and kidney dialysis.  
     
     
         13 . The method of  claim 1 , wherein the subject has been exposed to or is at risk for exposure to: a toxin, a chemical agent, or radiation.  
     
     
         14 . A pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of anemia comprising a compound of Formula Id  
       
         
           
           
               
               
           
         
         wherein  
         A is 1,2-arylidene, 1,3-arylidene, 1,4-arylidene; or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkylene, optionally substituted by one or two halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) Hal g , (C 1 -C 6 )-fluoroalkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-fluoroalkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-fluoroalkynyloxy, —OCF 2 Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl; (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, anilino, N-methylanilino, phenylmercapto, phenylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl; or by a substituted (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 10 )-aralkyl radical, which carries in the aryl moiety one to five identical or different substituents selected from halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) Hal g , —OCF 2 Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylsulfamoyl; 
 or wherein A is —CR 5 R 6  and R 5  and R 6  are each independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, aryl, or a substituent of the α-carbon atom of an α-amino acid, wherein the amino acid is a natural L-amino acid or its D-isomer;  
 
         B is —CO 2 H, —NH 2 , —NHSO 2 CF 3 , tetrazolyl, imidazolyl, 3-hydroxyisoxazolyl, —CONHCOR′″, —CONHSOR′″, CONHSO 2 R′″, where R′″ is aryl, heteroaryl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, or (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, optionally monosubstituted by (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, heteroaryl, OH, SH, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 4 )-thioalkyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-sulfinyl, (C 1 -C 4 )-sulfonyl, CF 3 , Cl, Br, F, I, NO 2 , —COOH, (C 2 -C 5 )-alkoxycarbonyl, NH 2 , mono-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-amino, di-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-amino, or (C 1 -C 4 )-perfluoroalkyl; or wherein B is a CO 2 -G carboxyl radical, where G is a radical of an alcohol G-OH in which G is selected from (C 1 -C 20 )-alkyl radical, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl radical, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyl radical, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkenyl radical, retinyl radical, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyl radical, (C 4 -C 20 )-alkenynyl radical, where the alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, alkynyl, and alkenynyl radicals contain one or more multiple bonds; (C 6 -C 16 )-carbocyclic aryl radical, (C 7 -C 16 )-carbocyclic aralkyl radical, heteroaryl radical, or heteroaralkyl radical, wherein a heteroaryl radical or heteroaryl moiety of a heteroaralkyl radical contains 5 or 6 ring atoms; and wherein radicals defined for G are substituted by one or more hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 5 -C 8 )-cycloalkenyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, acyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-carbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 6 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C—C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )arylcarbonylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkylcarbonylamino(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 2 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido, or N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido; wherein radicals which are aryl or contain an aryl moiety, may be substituted on the aryl by one to five identical or different hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-carbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 2 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 2 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 6 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkylaralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-alkylcarbonylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbonyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         X is O or S;  
         Q is O, S, NR′, or a bond; where, 
 if Q is a bond, R 4  is halogen, nitrile, or trifluoromethyl; or where,  
 
          if Q is O, S, or NR′, R 4  is hydrogen, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl radical, (C 2 -C 10 )-alkenyl radical, (C 2 -C 10 )-alkynyl radical, wherein alkenyl or alkynyl radical contains one or two C—C multiple bonds; unsubstituted fluoroalkyl radical of the formula —[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl radical, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkyl radical, aryl radical, heteroaryl radical, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl radical, or a radical of the formula Z  
           —[CH 2 ] v —[O] w —[CH 2 ] t -E  (Z)  where    E is a heteroaryl radical, a (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl radical, or a phenyl radical of the formula F                          v is 0-6,    w is 0 or 1,    t is 0-3, and    R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , and R 11  are identical or different and are hydrogen, halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, —O—[CH 2 ] x —C f H (2f+1−g) —F g , —OCF 2 —Cl, —O—CF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 6 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, or (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, optionally substituted by fluorine, chlorine, bromine, trifluoromethyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbamoyl, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, phenyl, benzyl, phenoxy, benzyloxy, NR Y R Z  wherein R y  and R z  are independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 10 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenyl, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 12 )aralkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl; or further wherein R y  and R z  together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylcarbonylimino, or N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxycarbonylimino; phenylmercapto, phenylsulfonyl, phenylsulfinyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylsulfamoyl, or N,N-di-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylsulfamoyl;    or alternatively R 7  and R 8 , R 8  and R 9 , R 9  and R 10 , or R 10  and R 11 , together are a chain selected from —[CH 2 ] n — or —CH═CH—CH═CH—, where a CH 2  group of the chain is optionally replaced by O, S, SO, SO 2 , or NR y ; and n is 3, 4, or 5; and if E is a heteroaryl radical, said radical can carry 1-3 substituents selected from those defined for R 7 -R 11 , or if E is a cycloalkyl radical, the radical can carry one substituent selected from those defined for R 7 -R 11 ;    
          or where, if Q is NR′, R 4  is alternatively R 11 , where R′ and R″ are identical or different and are hydrogen, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylcarbonyl, optionally substituted (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, or optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl; or R′ and R″ together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N-acylimino, or N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxycarbonylimino, and h is 3 to 7;  
         V is S, O, or NR k , and R k  is selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, aryl, or benzyl; where an aryl radical may be optionally substituted by 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 1 6 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C1-C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 2 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C1-C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, CON(CH 2 )h, in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by, O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(Cl —C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 2 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino- (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         R 3 , R 24 , R 25 , R 26 , and R 27  are identical or different and are hydrogen, hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkenyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkynyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxy, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxy, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxy, retinyloxy, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 2 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, retinyloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, cinnamoyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenylcarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, retinyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 20 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 18 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl; CON(CH 2 ) h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; a carbamoyl radical of the formula R  
         
           
             
             
                 
                 
             
           
           in which  
           R x  and R v  are each independently selected from hydrogen, (C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 7 )-cycloalkyl, aryl, or the substituent of an α-carbon of an α-amino acid, to which the L- and D-amino acids belong,  
           s is 1-5,  
           T is OH, or NR*R**, and R*, R** and R*** are identical or different and are selected from hydrogen, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (+)-dehydroabietyl, (C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkanoyl, optionally substituted (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoyl, optionally substituted (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl; or R* and R** together are —[CH 2 ] h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by O, S, SO, SO 2 , N-acylamino, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxycarbonylimino, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7;  
           carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyloxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamaino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 2 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 11 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 20 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, sulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfamoyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylsulfamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfamoyl, (C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylsulfonamido, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido, and N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonamido; where an aryl radical may be substituted by 1 to 5 substituents selected from hydroxyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, carboxyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyl, (C 2 -C 16 )-alkenyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyl, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 16 )-alkenyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy, (C 7 -C 6 )-aralkyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxy, (C 1 -C 8 )-hydroxyalkyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 12 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl, —O—[CH 2 ] x C f H (2f+1−g) F g , —OCF 2 Cl, —OCF 2 —CHFCl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyl, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkoxycarbonyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbonyloxy, cinnamoyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenylcarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynylcarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxycarbonyloxy, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkoxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkenyloxycarbonyloxy, (C 2 -C 12 )-alkynyloxycarbonyloxy, carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N,N-di(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N,N-dicyclo-(C 3 -C 8 )-alkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N—((C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 )-alkyl-N-(+)-dehydroabietylcarbamoyl, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyl, N—((C 1 -C 16 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 6 -C 16 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)-carbamoyl, CON(CH 2 ) h , in which a CH 2  group can be replaced by, O, S, N—(C 1 -C 8 )-alkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylimino, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkyl-(C 1 -C 4 )-alkylimino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylimino, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylimino, N—(C 1 -C 4 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 6 )-alkylimino, and h is from 3 to 7; carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 6 -C 16 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylcarbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—(C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylcarbamoyloxy, N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 1 -C 10 )-alkoxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 6 -C 12 )-aryloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl-N—((C 7 -C 16 )-aralkyloxy-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl)carbamoyloxy, amino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, di-(C 1 -C 12 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkenylamino, (C 3 -C 12 )-alkynylamino, N—(C 6 -C 12 )-arylamino, N—(C 7 -C 11 )-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-aralkylamino, N-alkyl-arylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxyamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkoxy-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 7 -C 11 )-aralkanoyl-N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 6 -C 12 )-aroylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkanoylamino-(C 1 -C 8 )-alkyl, amino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, N,N-di-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 3 -C 8 )-cycloalkylamino-(C 1 -C 10 )-alkyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylmercapto, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfinyl, (C 1 -C 12 )-alkylsulfonyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylmercapto, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfinyl, (C 6 -C 16 )-arylsulfonyl, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylmercapto, (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfinyl, or (C 7 -C 16 )-aralkylsulfonyl;  
         
         f is 1 to 8;  
         g is 0 or 1 to (2f+1);  
         x is 0 to 3;  
         or a physiologically active salt or prodrug derived therefrom.
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